Celično staranje

Staranje je postopno odpovedovanje homeostaze v odsotnosti bolezni, poškodbe ali njihovih posledic. Starostne spremembe se prikažejo na celotnem organizmu kot zmanjšana sposobnost preživetja pod stresom, na posameznem organu kot zmanjšana delovna rezerva nato pa kot motena oskrba celega organizma ter na stopnji posamezne celice kot spremenjena hitrost presnove beljakovin, lipidov, ogljikovih hidratov, DNA in RNA. Pomembna problema pri raziskovanju staranja sta: (a) ločevanje vzrokov za starostne spremembe od posledic in (b) kako prepoznati tiste starostne spremembe, ki pomembno vplivajo na dolžino življenjske dobe. Starostne spremembe pri človeku upočasni zmanjšanje oksidativnega stresa organizma z uživanjem antioksidantov ali z omejevanjem vnosa kalorij (kalorično stradanje)

Anatomija in histologija dojke

Dojki (mammae) sta parni kožni žlezi. Pri moškem ostaneta rudimentarni vse življenje, pri ženskah pa sta nerazviti pred puberteto, po puberteti rasteta in se diferencirata, najbolj sta razviti v zadnjih mesecih nosečnosti in med laktacijo ter usahneta po menopavzi. Dojka je zgrajena iz žleznega parenhima in vezivne strome ter interlobularnega maščobnega tkiva. Sestavlja jo 15 do 25lobusov. Vsak lobus predstavlja sestavljeno alveolarno žlezo z mlečnim izvodilom. Histološka slika dojke je drugačna v različnih starostnih obdobjih ženske, poleg tega pa se histološka slika spreminja pri ženskah v rodnem obdobju tudi med mesečnim ciklusom. Posebej pomembno za razumevanje zasevanja tumorjev je poznavanje limfne drenaže dojke

Seksualnost i izvantjelesna oplodnja

The aim of the study was to investigate the sexuality of individuals undergoing in vitro fertilization as one of the methods of infertility treatment. The focus was on sexual dysfunction, sexual satisfaction and associated risk factors. Data were collected based on a validated, standardized procedure. The sample consisted of 119 individuals who had undergone in vitro fertilization, 61 (51.3%) women and 58 (48.7%) men, average age 35 years. Most of the 119 survey participants were in the 31-35 age group (37%), married (79.8%), with high school diploma (51.3%), Catholic denomination (89.9%), childless (78.2%), with a one sexual partner in their lifetime (51.3%), and in current sexual relationship for a period of 7 to 8 years (18.5%). The survey found statistically significantly higher satisfaction among male participants, participants in the 26-30 age group, those with a higher level of education, nonreligious, without children in marriage, with four sexual partners in life, over a period of 1 to 2 years in current partner (sexual) relationship, and without a diagnosed sexual disorder. There was a correlation between infertility, associated treatment, and sexuality. Infertility and involvement in treatment procedures increased the risk of sexual dysfunction. The risk factors identified in our study could help facilitate detection and timely treatment of sexual dysfunction, which would help maintain healthy sexuality in couples participating in in vitro fertilization procedures.Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati seksualnost osoba koje liječe neplodnost postupcima izvantjelesne oplodnje. Naglasak istraživanja bio je na seksualnoj disfunkciji, seksualnom zadovoljstvu i povezanim čimbenicima rizika. Podaci su prikupljeni na osnovi validiranog i standardiziranog upitnika. Uzorak je činilo 119 ispitanika koji su liječeni postupcima izvantjelesne oplodnje, 61 (51,3%) žena i 58 (48,7%) muškaraca, prosječne dobi od 35 godina. Većina od 119 ispitanika spadali su u dobnu skupinu od 31-35 godina (37%), bili su oženjeni (79,8%), sa završenom srednjom školom (51,3%), katoličke vjeroispovijesti (89,9%), bez djece (78,2%), s jednim seksualnim partnerom u životu (51,3%) i u trenutnoj seksualnoj vezi koja traje 7 do 8 godina (18,5%). Istraživanjem je utvrđeno značajno veće zadovoljstvo kod muškaraca, ispitanicima u dobnoj skupini od 26-30 godina, s višim stupnjem naobrazbe, agnostika, bez djece u braku, s 4 seksualna partnera u životu, u sadašnjoj partnerskoj (seksualnoj) vezi duže od 1-2 godine i bez dijagnosticiranog seksualnog poremećaja. Dokazana je povezanost između neplodnosti, liječenja i seksualnosti. Neplodnost i postupci liječenja neplodnosti povećavaju rizik za seksualnu disfunkciju. Rizični čimbenici koji su utvrđeni u našem istraživanju mogu pomoći pravodobnom otkrivanju i liječenju seksualne disfunkcije, što će omogućiti zdrave seksualne odnose parova koji se liječe postupcima izvantjelesne oplodnje

Risk of skin changes and sun protection

Raziskovalno vprašanje: Katera so strokovno ugotovljena tveganja za nastanek sprememb kože in kakšen vpliv ima pri tem sonce? Namen: Predstaviti maligne in nemaligne kožne spremembe ter dejavnike tveganja, ki povzročijo in/ali pospešijo nastanek malignih sprememb kože, ob tem pa opisati škodljive vplive ultravijoličnega sevanja in zaščito pred temi vplivi. Metoda: Za namen raziskave je bila proučevana strokovna in znanstvena literatura. Pri iskanju virov smo uporabili elektronske podatkovne baze, ki so dostopne zaposlenim na Univerzi v Ljubljani. Iskanje smo omejili na strokovno-znanstvene recenzirane vire s polnim besedilom, ki niso bili starejši od 10 let. Rezultati: Številne raziskave pritrjujejo, da je pretirano izpostavljanje sončnim žarkom lahko nevarno početje, ki lahko privede do malignih sprememb na koži. K dodatnim škodljivim učinkom ultravijoličnega sevanja zagotovo pripomorejo globalne podnebne spremembe in posledično tanjšanje varovalnega ozonskega plašča. Kljub znanim škodljivim učinkom, raziskave poudarjajo tudi blagodejne učinke ultravijoličnega sevanja na zdravje in počutje ljudi. Organizacija: Izvajalci zdravstvenih storitev bodo pridobili strukturiran vpogled v tveganja za nastanek sprememb kože v povezavi z ultravijoličnim sevanjem in se ob tem seznanili tudi z njegovimi blagodejnimi učinki na zdravje in počutje ljudi. Družba: Sonce je izjemno pomembno za ohranjanje življenja na našem planetu. Sončnim žarkom se je potrebno izpostavljati preudarno in le ob določenih urah dneva. Pomembno je, da družba pozna tako škodljive kot tudi koristne učinke sonca. Originalnost: Na raziskovalno temo so bile že izvedene številne splošne raziskave. V naši raziskavi so strukturirano opisane maligne in nemaligne spremembe kože ter vpliv ultravijoličnega sevanja na njihov nastanek. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Priporočamo izvedbo poglobljene raziskave glede ozaveščenosti strokovne in laične populacije o vplivih ultravijoličnega sevanja.Research Question (RQ): What are the professionally identified risks of skin changes and what impact does the sun have? Purpose: To present malignant and non-malignant skin changes and risk factors that cause and/or accelerate the occurrence of malignant skin changes, while describing the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation and the protection against these effects. Method: Professional and scientific literature was studied for the purpose of the research. When searching for resources, we used electronic databases that are accessible to employees at the University of Ljubljana. We restricted our research to professional-scientific peer-reviewed resources with full text that were not older than 10 years. Results: Numerous studies have suggested that excessive sun exposure can be a dangerous activity, which can lead to malignant skin changes. The additional adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation are certainly aided by global climate changes and the resulting depletion of the ozone layer. Despite the known adverse effects, the research has also highlighted the beneficial effects of ultraviolet radiation on human health and well-being. Organization: Healthcare providers will gain structured insights into the risks of skin changes associated with ultraviolet radiation and, at the same time, learn about its beneficial effects on human health and well-being. Society: The sun is extremely important for maintaining life on our planet. Exposure to sun should be done prudently and only at certain times of the day. It is important for society to know both, the harmful and beneficial effects of the sun. Originality: A number of general studies have already been conducted on the research topic. Our research study structurally describes the malignant and non-malignant skin changes and the effect of ultraviolet radiation on their formation. Limitations / further research: We recommend conducting an in-depth research on the awareness of the professional and general population on the effects of ultraviolet radiation

Intra-rater reliability of the knee arthrometer GNRB® for measuring knee anterior laxity in healthy, active subjects

Background: Arthrometers are used to assess knee anterior laxity and to evaluate the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament. Assessment of knee anterior laxity is crucial part of the clinical examination. The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-rater reliability of the GNRB® in healthy subjects. Methods: In the study participated 97 subjects and two measurements using a GNRB® arthrometer were performed. Males were tested two times one week a part. Females were tested two times within 24 h. Measurements were performed at the following forces 134 N, 134 N, 150 N, 200 N, and 200 N. To evaluate the reliability of GNRB® measurements an intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: Intra-rater reliability of the GNRB® measurements is good for 134 N on the left knee (ICC = 0.848) and the right knee (ICC = 0.788) and for 200 N on the left knee (ICC = 0.805) and the right knee (ICC = 0.756). Conclusion: The GNRB® knee arthrometer has good intra-reliability for measurements at the 134 N and 200 N forces. Reliability can be increased with the standardize position of the subject, the stabilization of the patella and standardize measurement protocol

Dejavniki spolnega zadovoljstva v Sloveniji

V primeru znanstvene monografije Dejavniki spolnega zadovoljstva v Sloveniji, avtorjev Andrej Starc, Raja Dahmane Gošnak, Branko Gabrovec gre za obsežno in zahtevno delo, v katerem so avtorji podrobno predstavili dejavnike spolnega zadovoljstva ter rezultate raziskave, v okviru katere so proučevali značilnosti spolnega zadovoljstva med prebivalci v Sloveniji. Analiza temelji na odgovorih, ki so jih je posredovali 6903 udeleženci raziskave z izpolnitvijo mednarodno validiranega vprašalnika