Micromagnetic Approach to Exchange Bias

We present a micromagnetic approach to the exchange bias in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic thin film systems with a small number of irreversible interfacial magnetic moments. We express the exchange bias field $H_{EB}$ in terms of the fundamental micromagnetic length scale of ferromagnetic - the exchange length $l_{ex}$. The benefit from this approach is a better separation of the factor related to the ferromagnetic layer from the factor related to the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupling at interfaces. Using this approach we estimate the upper limit of $H_{EB}$ in real ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic systems

Ferromagnetic Resonance in Metallic Thin Films and Thin-Film Tubes

A model describing ferromagnetic resonance in thin-film magnetic metallic tubes is proposed and compared with the experimental ferromagnetic resonance spectra of the thin-film Ni

Inverse Spin Hall Effect by Spin-Pumping in Co2Cr0.4Fe0.6AlCo_2Cr_{0.4}Fe_{0.6}Al/Pt Structures

Inverse spin Hall effect consists in conversion of spin currents into electric currents and has recently been observed using spin-pumping operated by ferromagnetic resonance in permalloy/Pt(Cr) thin film structures. We prepared several $Co_2Cr_{0.4}Fe_{0.6}Al$/Pt thin film structures to observe for the first time inverse spin Hall effect in bilayer structures comprising ferromagnetic half-metallic Heusler alloy. In but a few $Co_2Cr_{0.4}Fe_{0.6}Al$/Pt samples we succeeded in observing inverse spin Hall effect voltage of few microvolts by spin pumping resulting from ferromagnetic resonance. This confirms that spin polarized current can be transferred into Pt layer. Inverse spin Hall effect was 2-3 times larger than that detected in permalloy/Pt bilayer under the same conditions

Ferromagnetic resonance in Ni-Mn-Ga thin films and thin-film tubes

We report on FMR experiments performed for the first time on thin Ni-Mn-Ga films clamped to the mica substrates and then fully released from them. The aim is to evaluate the role of magnetoelastic coupling in stressed Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloy films that undergo martensitic transformation. The experimental results show that the difference in the effective magnetization 4π(Meff tubes-Meff films) is negligible in the austenite phase and it increases to about 1–1.5 kG at temperatures well below the martensitic transformation. The data suggests that magnetoelastic coupling in the martensite phase of Ni-Mn-Ga thin films is typical of normal thin magnetic films with magnetostriction of about 50 ppm

Application of artificial skin models to investigate innovative cosmetics

Wprowadzone przez Komisję Europejską dyrektywy zakazujące testowania kosmetyków i ich składników na zwierzętach stworzyły konieczność poszukiwania nowych metod alternatywnych. Badania in vitro z zastosowaniem modeli hodowli komórkowych czy ekwiwalentów skóry są prowadzone od lat przez światowe koncerny kosmetyczne. Artykuł przedstawia przegląd komercyjnie dostępnych modeli sztucznej skóry użytecznych dla oceny bezpieczeństwa preparatów kosmetycznych nowej generacji.The European Commission directives introducing a ban on testing of cosmetics on animals have created great demand for new alternative testing methods. In response, the in vitro studies on cell culture models or skin equivalents have been carried out by global cosmetic concerns for many years. This paper brings a review of the commercially available artificial skin models, which are applicable for safety assessment of innovative cosmetic products

Martensitic Transformations and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Mn-Sn Heusler Alloy Films

We report on structural and magnetic properties of $Ni_{50}Mn_{50-x}Sn_x$ (x=12÷14) films and compare them with those of the bulk Ni-Mn-Sn alloys. Magnetic measurements reveal clear presence of martensitic transformation in bulk alloys but in the flash-evaporated Ni-Mn-Sn thin films martensitic transformation is usually less visible. The best film samples annealed for 1 h at about 900 K exhibit clear signs of martensitic transformation: i.e., a small defect in magnetization and a substantial increase in ferromagnetic resonance line width

Significance of hyaluronic acid in cosmetic industry and aesthetic medicine

Cieszący się w ostatnich latach ogromnym zainteresowaniem światowych koncernów kosmetycznych, kwas hialuronowy (HA) jest szeroko stosowany jako substancja aktywna w wielu preparatach nawilżających skórę. Swój sukces zawdzięcza szczególnym właściwościom fizykochemicznym i biologicznym, które warunkują odpowiednie uwodnienie tkanek, zachowanie przestrzeni pozakomórkowej oraz transport jonów i składników odżywczych. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej kwasu hialuronowego, a w szczególności jego budowy chemicznej, właściwości oraz zastosowania w kosmetologii i medycynie estetycznej.In the recent years hyaluronic acid (HA) has become increasingly popular in the global cosmetic industry and is widely applied as an active ingredient in skin care cosmetics. Its physicochemical and biological properties are responsible for proper tissue hydration and transport of ions and nutrients. The article is focused on the characterization of chemical and structural properties of hyaluronic acid and provides a brief overview of its current applications in cosmetology and aesthetic medicine