Co-Existence of Physical Activity (PA) and other Energy-Balance Related Behaviours among Adolescents Participating in PA Intervention in Poland.

The aim of this study was to identify clusters based on four energy – balance related behaviours (EBRBs) – moderatevigorous physical activity, screen time, breakfast consumption and sweet drinks consumption – among adolescents participating in a governmental programme to increase their sport participation. The study was a part of the monitoring and evaluation process of a nationwide sport intervention in Poland. The sample consisted of 367 participants (180 females and 187 males, mean age 15.18 ±1.67). Data was self-reported. Based on combination of cluster analysis, a five-cluster solution was found the most suitable. Some patterns of EBRBs were similar to the results obtained in previous studies conducted on the general population on, for example “sedentarysnacking” or “all-round-healthy” clusters. The amount of the clusters which accumulated most of the negative or positive behaviours were small, and most clusters presented a mix of behavioural patterns influencing energy balance in both positive and negative ways. The structure of the clusters differed based on adolescents’ gender and, for male participants, fathers’ education (p < 0.05)

Global matrix 2.0: Report card grades on the physical activity of children and youth comparing 38 countries

The Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance organized the concurrent preparation of Report Cards on the physical activity of children and youth in 38 countries from 6 continents (representing 60% of the world's population). Nine common indicators were used (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments), and all Report Cards were generated through a harmonized development process and a standardized grading framework (from A = excellent, to F = failing). The 38 Report Cards were presented at the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health in Bangkok, Thailand on November 16, 2016. The consolidated findings are summarized in the form of a Global Matrix demonstrating substantial variation in grades both within and across countries. Countries that lead in certain indicators often lag in others. Average grades for both Overall Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior around the world are D (low/poor). In contrast, the average grade for indicators related to supports for physical activity was C. Lower-income countries generally had better grades on Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behaviors compared with higher-income countries, yet worse grades for supports from Family and Peers, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments. Average grades for all indicators combined were highest (best) in Denmark, Slovenia, and the Netherlands. Many surveillance and research gaps were apparent, especially for the Active Play and Family and Peers indicators. International cooperation and cross-fertilization is encouraged to address existing challenges, understand underlying determinants, conceive innovative solutions, and mitigate the global childhood inactivity crisis. The paradox of higher physical activity and lower sedentary behavior in countries reporting poorer infrastructure, and lower physical activity and higher sedentary behavior in countries reporting better infrastructure, suggests that autonomy to play, travel, or chore requirements and/or fewer attractive sedentary pursuits, rather than infrastructure and structured activities, may facilitate higher levels of physical activity