Raman scattering in LiNiPO₄ single crystal

The complete Raman spectra of a single crystal of LiNiPO₄ for a wide temperature range are reported. Among the 36 Raman-active modes predicted by group theory, 33 have been detected. The analysis of the spectra in terms of internal modes of the (PO₄)³⁻ group and of external modes is done with success. Besides, the multiphonon Raman scattering is discussed. Low-frequency lines, observed in the antiferromagnetic phase, are assigned to magnon scattering and are discussed briefly

Hydration, self-diffusion and ionic conductivity of Li⁺, Na⁺ and Cs⁺ cations in Nafion membrane studied by NMR

Hydration of Nafion 117 perfluorinated sulfonic cation-exchange membrane in alkaline ion forms was investigated by high resolution 1H NMR. Hydration numbers of Li+, Na+ and Cs+ cations were 5 ± 1, 6 ± 1 and 1 ± 0.2, correspondingly for membrane equilibrated with water vapor at 98% RH. As opposed to Li+ and Na+, which form separate ion pair, Cs+ cation directly contacts with membrane sulfonate group. Cation self-diffusion coefficients were measured by pulsed field gradient NMR technique on 7Li, 23Na and 133Cs nuclei for the first time. Self-diffusion coefficients are changed in the next rows Li+ ≤ Na+ > Cs+. Self-diffusion activation energies of Li+ and Na+ cations are about 20 kJ/mol which is close to water self-diffusion activation energy in these membranes, but Cs+ self-diffusion activation energy is distinctly more (25 kJ/mol). Ionic conductivities calculated on the basis of Nernst–Einstein equation from cation self-diffusion coefficients 1.6∙10−2, 2∙10−2, 6∙10−3 S/cm for Li+, Na+, Cs+ cations, correspondingly, are closely approximating to conductivities measured by impedance spectroscopy: 1.3∙10−2, 1.1∙10−2, 2.3∙10−3 S/cm for Li+, Na+, Cs+ cations, correspondingly, but calculated values are appreciably more compared with experimental meanings

Light scattering in LiCoPO₄ single crystal: analysis of the vibrational spectrum

In a single crystal of LiCoPO₄ Raman scattering has been studied in a wide temperature range. Thirty-two of the 36 Raman-active vibrational modes predicted by group-theory analysis were detected. The experimental lines are identified on the basis of their polarization rules, frequency position, and temperature behavior

Optimization of the Neutron Detector Design Based on the 6LiF/ZnS(Ag) Scintillation Screens for the GAMMA-400 Space Observatory

AbstractThe Neutron Detector (ND) is a new detector sub-system for the future GAMMA-400 space observatory. It aims to complement the instrument's GAMMA-400 electromagnetic calorimeter (CsI(Tl), total depth is 25.0 X0) in identifying cosmic-ray electrons from ∼ 100 MeV up to 3 TeV. Such electrons are of significant scientific interest, but their identification is complicated by the overwhelmingly more abundant hadronic cosmic rays, hence making significant hadronic rejection power of paramount importance. Particle showers initiated by nuclei in the GAMMA-400 calorimeter have a profile different from an electron-induced electromagnetic cascade, and the hadron rejection power deriving from this difference can be significantly enhanced by making use of the thermal neutron activity at late (>100ns) times relative to the start of the shower. Indeed hadron-induced showers tend to be accompanied by significantly more neutron activity than electromagnetic showers. In the described ND for capturing thermalized neutrons applied isotope 6Li, which is part of the scintillation screen 6LiF/ZnS(Ag). ND placed are under the electromagnetic calorimeter. The results GEANT4 simulation of the ND shows that ND has high neutron detection efficiency

Experience in painting of compressor-pump on LPT-150 tube rolling line

Translated from Russian (Stal' 1985 (7) p. 55-56)Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:5828.4(M--36569)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo