A study of the chemical kinetics, activation energy and difference effect on beryllium dissolving in mineral acids

The rate of dissolution of polycrystalline beryllium was studied in hydrofluoric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Two samples of beryllium containing different amounts of beryllium oxide were used. The experiments were performed at temperatures ranging from 20 to 50°C, and at various acid concentrations. The kinetics of these heterogeneous processes conformed to a reaction order of approximately one in all the cases. Since the conditions of the surface were complex during dissolution, these might complicate the reaction. This might be due to the oxide layer, which is present as impurity. The difference effect was determined at various acid concentrations at 25°C using a beryllium-platinum cell. The difference effect in the initial stages was directly proportional to the galvanic current. At higher current densities, the difference effect declined slightly from a linear relationship. A very strong positive difference effect was observed for beryllium dissolving anodically in hydrofluoric acid. The value of the proportionality constant K was higher than 6.97. The two beryllium samples differed markedly in their behavior in hydrochloric acid, exhibiting the negative and the positive difference effect. The beryllium reacted with hydrochloric acid forming chunks which were visible to the unaided eye. In sulfuric acid, a positive difference effect was observed with the values of K well below 6.97. The apparent valence of beryllium ions going into solution during anodic dissolution was calculated. This resulted in ionic charges of extremely high and low values. It was thus concluded that the normal valence of beryllium ions does not change under these conditions --Abstract, pages ii-iii

A Descriptive Analysis of Creation Concepts and Themes in the Book of Psalms

This descriptive analysis provides a comprehensive and wholistic view of Creation in the Book of Psalms. It is viewed in the background of the rest of the Creation material found in the Old Testament and the ancient Near Eastern religious records. Hermeneutics and analytic induction have helped to create a synthesis of major concepts and themes about Creation. After an introductory overview of the three categories of documents (chapter 1), a literature review on the Psalms (chapter 2) analyzes eleven major studies on Creation, then seven studies of individual Psalms, plus five minor studies. None of these provides acomprehensive, wholistic treatment of Creation. Ancient Near Eastern views of the Creation (chapter 3) include Egyptian (Memphite, Heliopolitan, and other) as well as Mesopotamian sources (Sumerian, Babylonian, Canaanite/Ugaritic). Nine authorities touch upon similar themes in varying degrees of emphasis: Perfection and redemption, rulership and sovereignty, creativity and generativity, clashes of forces and conquests, protection and providence, proclamation and praise. The discussion of Old Testament Creation, beyond the Psalms, includes passages and poetry in Genesis, Job, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Amos (chapter 4) and other minor references. Common themes are the earth\u27s origin, creation of humans, deliverance, salvation, separation and reconciliation, beginnings and endings, undoing and restoration (apocalyptic and escharological). Finally in the Psalms (chapter 5), Creation themes include the unique role of Yahweh as Creator and Redeemer of Israel. Of the nine major Psalms with Creation ideas, Pss 8, 33, 104, and 148 are particularly relevant to the establishment of Israel. Minor Creation statements in other Psalms are reviewed. In a panorama, the received text of each Psalm in its final form displays a major theme which leaps forward to the next, presenting an organic and unified theology. God and humanity are linked in Creation, with a reciprocal expression of feelings. Hesed is God\u27s loving-kindness to Israel. Yahweh is Israel\u27s deliverer, protector, redeemer. He rebukes those who interfere with Israel. The outcomes of this study have obtained a wholistic Creation theology with a blending of a programmatic and prophetic picture of Creation as a result. Several concepts and themes have merged together to form a greater view of Creation which includes God, world, humanity, history, future, and eschatology. The understanding of archtypes and their cosmic relationships needs further investigation. There are still many individual concepts which need a closer look. Each theme by itself holds promise for more intensive research and appreciation. The unity and diversity among the multifarious themes of Creation in all the ancient Near Eastern religious traditions may require continuous investigations in the years ahead

Experimental Studies of Metal Oxide Suspended Nanofluids on the Enhancement of the Thermal Performance of Heat Pipes

Heat transmission by means of heat pipes is one of the fastest and most efficient thermal management technologies. The performance of typical thermal systems that use heat transfer fluid (HTF) can be improved by incorporating nanoparticles into the HTF (nanofluid). This work describes an experimental examination of metal oxide suspended nano-sized particles such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) in deionized water as the base fluid (DI water). The nanoparticle levels used for this investigation are 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight. Experiments were carried out at all levels of nanofluids with heat pipe inclinations ranging from horizontal to vertical. The rheological measurements of the two nanofluids under a wide range of temperatures and shear rate were studied. The thermal performance of a heat pipe with water-based nanofluids is expected to improve more than that of a normal heat pipe. The thermal efficiency of a heat pipe using nanofluids was examined at various tilt angles. The results show that a heat pipe at a tilt angle of 60° generates superior effects. Temperature distribution along the length of the heat pipe under different power input conditions was presented using varied weight proportions of nanofluids (ZnO & CuO)

Azygos Vein Aneurysm - A Case for Elective Resection by Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery

An azygos vein aneurysm is a very rare cause of a posterior mediastinal mass. Once the diagnosis has been confirmed, no treatment is usually required. However, the aneurysm can thrombose, and this may lead pulmonary thromboembolism, or the aneurysm may rupture. In these instances, the excision of the mass is recommended. Video-assisted thoracic surgery techniques have considerably improved. If it is necessary to remove the aneurysm, video-assisted thoracic surgery may be a good option for surgical treatment. We report a case of an aneurysm of the azygos arch that was successfully resected by video-assisted thoracic surgery

Isopod parasites of free-living copepods of Madras

This article does not have an abstract

Ctenoplana bengalensis n. sp. from the Madras plankton

This article does not have an abstract

Evaluating a Thrombosed Azygous Vein Aneurysm Combined with Pulmonary Arterial Thromboembolism by ECG-Gated Multidetector CT: a Case Report

Azygous vein aneurysm is a rare congenital lesion that needs to be differentiated from mediastinal mass lesions. Although almost of these anomalies are asymptomatic lesions, we experienced an interesting case in which a thrombus within an azygous vein aneurysm in a 75-year-old woman caused pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient was managed by medical treatment for one month and then the thrombus within both the azygous vein aneurysm and the pulmonary arteries completely resolved

Sequence analysis of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I strains from southern India: gene amplification and direct sequencing from whole blood blotted onto filter paper

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in India has been found to be associated with adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) among life-long residents of southern India. To examine the heterogeneity of HTLV-I strains from southern India and to determine their relationship with the sequence variants of HTLV-I from Melanesia, 1149 nucleotides spanning selected regions of the HTLV-I gag, pol, env and pX genes were amplified and directly sequenced from DNA extracted from whole blood blotted onto filter paper and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained from one patient with HAM/TSP, two with ATLL and eight asymptomatic carriers from Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Sequence alignments and comparisons indicated that the 11 HTLV-I strains from southern India were 99.2% to 100% identical among themselves and 98.7% to 100% identical to the Japanese prototype HTLV-I ATK. The majority of base substitutions were transitions and silent. No frameshifts, insertions, deletions or possibly disease-specific base changes were found in the regions sequenced. The observed clustering of the Indian HTLV-I strains with those from Japan, as determined by the maximum parsimony method, suggested a common source of HTLV-I infection with subsequent parallel evolution. Amplification of DNA from blood specimens collected on filter paper may be useful for the study of other blood-borne pathogens