Correlation of the angular dependence of spin-transfer torque and giant magnetoresistance in the limit of diffusive transport in spin valves

Angular variation of giant magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque in metallic spin-valve heterostructures is analyzed theoretically in the limit of diffusive transport. It is shown that the spin-transfer torque in asymmetric spin valves can vanish in non-collinear magnetic configurations, and such a non-standard behavior of the torque is generally associated with a non-monotonic angular dependence of the giant magnetoresistance, with a global minimum at a non-collinear magnetic configuration.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, BRIEF REPORT

Graphene on transition-metal dichalcogenides: a platform for proximity spin-orbit physics and optospintronics

Hybrids of graphene and two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) have the potential to bring graphene spintronics to the next level. As we show here by performing first-principles calculations of graphene on monolayer MoS$_2$, there are several advantages of such hybrids over pristine graphene. First, Dirac electrons in graphene exhibit a giant global proximity spin-orbit coupling, without compromising the semimetallic character of the whole system at zero field. Remarkably, these spin-orbit effects can be very accurately described by a simple effective Hamiltonian. Second, the Fermi level can be tuned by a transverse electric field to cross the MoS$_2$ conduction band, creating a system of coupled massive and massles electron gases. Both charge and spin transport in such systems should be unique. Finally, we propose to use graphene/TMDC structures as a platform for optospintronics, in particular for optical spin injection into graphene and for studying spin transfer between TMDC and graphene.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Theory of electronic and spin-orbit proximity effects in graphene on Cu(111)

We study orbital and spin-orbit proximity effects in graphene adsorbed to the Cu(111) surface by means of density functional theory (DFT). The proximity effects are caused mainly by the hybridization of graphene $\pi$ and copper d orbitals. Our electronic structure calculations agree well with the experimentally observed features. We carry out a graphene-Cu(111) distance dependent study to obtain proximity orbital and spin-orbit coupling parameters, by fitting the DFT results to a robust low energy model Hamiltonian. We find a strong distance dependence of the Rashba and intrinsic proximity induced spin-orbit coupling parameters, which are in the meV and hundreds of $\mu$eV range, respectively, for experimentally relevant distances. The Dirac spectrum of graphene also exhibits a proximity orbital gap, of about 20 meV. Furthermore, we find a band inversion within the graphene states accompanied by a reordering of spin and pseudospin states, when graphene is pressed towards copper

Anisotropic optical properties of Fe/GaAs(001) nanolayers from first principles

We investigate the anisotropy of the optical properties of thin Fe films on GaAs(001) from first-principles calculations. Both intrinsic and magnetization-induced anisotropy are covered by studying the system in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and external magnetic fields. We use the linearized augmented plane wave method, as implemented in the WIEN2k density functional theory code, to show that the $C_{2v}$ symmetric anisotropy of the spin-orbit coupling fields at the Fe/GaAs(001) interface manifests itself in the corresponding anisotropy of the optical conductivity and the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect. While their magnetization-induced anisotropy is negligible, the intrinsic anisotropy of the optical properties is significant and reflects the underlying $C_{2v}$ symmetry of the Fe/GaAs(001) interface. This suggests that the effects of anisotropic spin-orbit coupling fields in experimentally relevant Fe/GaAs(001) slabs can be studied by purely optical means.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure

Spin relaxation mechanism in graphene: resonant scattering by magnetic impurities

It is proposed that the observed small (100 ps) spin relaxation time in graphene is due to resonant scattering by local magnetic moments. At resonances, magnetic moments behave as spin hot spots: the spin-flip scattering rates are as large as the spin-conserving ones, as long as the exchange interaction is greater than the resonance width. Smearing of the resonance peaks by the presence of electron-hole puddles gives quantitative agreement with experiment, for about 1 ppm of local moments. While the local moments can come from a variety of sources, we specifically focus on hydrogen adatoms. We perform first-principles supercell calculations and introduce an effective Hamiltonian to obtain realistic input parameters for our mechanism.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures + Suppl. material (3 pages, 5 figures

Current-driven destabilization of both collinear configurations in asymmetric spin-valves

Spin transfer torque in spin valves usually destabilizes one of the collinear configurations (either parallel or antiparallel) and stabilizes the second one. Apart from this, balance of the spin-transfer and damping torques can lead to steady precessional modes. In this letter we show that in some asymmetric nanopillars spin current can destabilize both parallel and antiparallel configurations. As a result, stationary precessional modes can occur at zero magnetic field. The corresponding phase diagram as well as frequencies of the precessional modes have been calculated in the framework of macrospin model. The relevant spin transfer torque has been calculated in terms of the macroscopic model based on spin diffusion equations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Optical conductivity of hydrogenated graphene from first principles

We investigate the effect of hydrogen coverage on the optical conductivity of single-side hydrogenated graphene from first principles calculations. To account for different degrees of uniform hydrogen coverage we calculate the complex optical conductivity for graphene supercells of various sizes, each containing a single additional hydrogen atom. We use the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method, as implemented in the WIEN2k density functional theory code, to show that the hydrogen coverage strongly influences the complex optical conductivity and thus the optical properties, such as absorption, of hydrogenated graphene. We find that the optical conductivity of graphene in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet range has different characteristic features depending on the degree of hydrogen coverage. This opens up new possibilities to tailor the optical properties of graphene by reversible hydrogenation, and to determine the hydrogen coverage of hydrogenated graphene samples in the experiment by contact-free optical absorption measurements.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Nonlinear magnetotransport in dual spin valves

Recent experimental measurements of magnetoresistance in dual spin valves [A. Aziz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 237203 (2009)] reveal some nonlinear features of transport, which have not been observed in other systems. We propose a phenomenological model describing current-dependent resistance (and giant magnetoresistance) in double spin valves. The model is based on a modified Valet-Fert approach, and takes into account the dependence of bulk/interface resistance and bulk/interface spin asymmetry parameters for the central magnetic layer on spin accumulation, and consequently on charge current. Such a nonlinear model accounts for recent experimental observations