Convective Drying at Fish Chips Technology

The article presents the overview of the main technological processes in fish structured products dehydration. The rational modes of the technological process of minced fish raw materials with various initial moisture and fat content heat treatment are determined. One of the main tasks of the fish processing industry development which allows increasing the profitability of products and their quality is improving technological processes. The scientifically substantiated choice of resource and energy-saving modes of processing food materials is highly important in this case. It will reduce not only production costs but also emissions of harmful substances into the environment and increase the efficiency of using equipment. It must be taken into consideration that the optimization of dehydration technological processes without identifying their patterns is extremely difficult. Increasing efficiency and controlling technological processes makes sense only on the basis of patterns. The effectiveness of the hydrobionts processing determines the quality and cost of finished products manufacturing while fish processing enterprises working. The development and implementation of highly efficient technologies with the use of resource-saving technical systems, for example, using heat pumps, makes it possible to produce cost-effective high-quality products

Overview of the Russian Legal Framework in the Sphere of "Green" Building

The article deals with a brief overview of the main laws, national standards, regulatory and technical documents that regulate legal relations in the field of ”green” building in Russia. The key features of the existing legislative framework regulating environmental aspects in construction are identified and the factors limiting the introduction of ”green” building in the construction sector are considered. The tendency of normative documents development in the field of environmental protection taking into account scientific and technical achievements and requirements of international rules and standards is noted. The paper provides a schematic description of the relations regulation and the establishment of mandatory requirements in the construction industry. There are also documents showing the requirements can be mandatory or voluntary. The authors consider the standards that provide a comprehensive analysis of all constructing systems from the standpoint of sustainability. The normative and technical documents describe a set of principles, categories, evaluation criteria, indicators, recommended indicators and environmental requirements for real estate. In conclusion, the lack of uniform, updated and a complete regulatory framework for technical regulation in the field of green building and the necessity to stimulate economic entities in the sphere of construction and real estate at the state level with a view to enhancing the practice of green building

Seasonal Changes in the Concentration of Photosynthetic Pigments Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) F. Weber & D. Mohr

The article presented the overview of the main seasonal dynamics of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins) as well as their ratios for the mass species of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea red algae Palmaria palmata. The concentration of pigments depends on the level of illumination and temperature which is statistically confirmed. The results of the research showed that the chlorophyll content of Palmaria palmata is characterized by a significant decrease in summer and an increase in winter which is in contrast to the change in the level of illumination. It was proved that in winter with a decrease in light, the efficiency of photosynthesis is provided by the accumulation of pigments including phycobilins. It is suggested that the relationship of reproduction, namely the release of tetraspores with the reduction of phycobiliproteins, since the presented process requires significant energy costs. It is shown that the concentration of phycobilins decreases with increasing light intensity. Prolonged presence of algae under high light intensities reduces the amount of photosynthetic pigments. The results of the research showed that the number of pigments decreases with low temperatures and vice versa their number increases with increasing temperature. A significant negative correlation between the water temperature and the main pigments of the photosynthetic apparatus – chlorophyll a and carotenoids was revealed. The concentration of carotenoids and phycobilins depends on the function they perform: in summer - photoprotectors, in winter-additional light collectors. Palmaria has a maximum content during the polar night. Significant changes in the ratios of Car/Chl a, PhE/ Chl a, PhE / PhE depending on environmental factors are shown

Assessment of Spring Water on Geological Characteristics (Springs in Murmansk Are Taken As an Example)

The article deals with the relevance of the spring waters study and presents the results of the springs’ classification in Murmansk and outskirts of the town on geological and ecological characteristics. Spring Water is the main source of water for drinking, agricultural and industrial needs. The availability of water determines the location and activities of people in the area. Our growing population experiences great demands on natural freshwater resources. However they are under various forms of pollution such as agricultural, industrial and domestic. In this research spring water samples were taken from the springs of Murmansk and outskirts of the town. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. The characteristics of each parameter were compared with the standard data established in the Russian Federation for this indicator. The characteristics of each parameter were within safe limits

Usage of Enzymes of Algae-macrophytes Antioxidant System for Monitoring Water Pollution By Oil Products

Macrophyte algae are perspective indicator species for assessing the environmental impact of pollutants. One of the ways to estimate the negative impact is to change the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system. The possibility of using hydrogen peroxide, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is analyzed in the research for assessing the anthropogenic load on algae macrophytes of different systematic groups: Palmaria palmata (L.) O. Kuntze; Fucus vesiculosus L., Ulvaria obscura (Kützing) Gayral ex Bliding. The natural level of enzymes (in July) and its change under the influence of oil products (diesel fuel) on algae growing in the Barents sea were measured. It is shown that under natural conditions the content of hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity decrease in the series U. obscura < P. palmata < F. vesiculosus; the activity of SOD decreases in the series P. palmata < U. obscura < F. vesiculosus. When diesel fuel is introduced into the habitat of algae, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the cells of U. obscura and P. palmata decreases and in F. vesiculosus-increases. Catalase activity in P. palmata and U. obscura increases and catalase activity is not various in F. vesiculosus. The activity of SOD in the prototypes of G. obscura and P. palmata decreases and it remains unchanged in F. vesiculosus. It is shown that the enzyme complex Ulvaria obscura can be used to assess the impact of diesel fuel and only SOD can be used in P. palmata. No reaction of SOD and CAT to the presence of petroleum products was detected in F. vesiculosus

Development of an Autoclave Thermal Processes Model for the Simulator of Canned Food Sterilization Process

The article describes an autoclave thermal processes model, which is used for the simulator of canned food sterilization process. The simulator is based on a simulation model that adequately describes the reaction of the autoclave to the actions of the control system and the operator of the sterilization unit. The model’s parameters were obtained by means of experimental data processing. The computer program ”autoclave Model” for simulating sterilization process in the steam and water environment is described. The examples of the canned food’s manual control sterilization modeling are shown. The results of numerical mathematical modeling of canned food sterilization processes in the autoclave showed a high degree of the implemented process models quality of approximation. The calculation schemes done as a result of the mathematical models creation were used to develop a hardwaresoftware complex of the sterilization process simulator. The increase of training level on carrying out process of canned goods sterilization will be provided as a result of designing the simulator of sterilization process in educational process. Consequently reducing defects in production and improving the quality of canned products are expected

State and Value of Natural Capital As the Basis for Regional Economic Decisions

The economy of the Limansky district is based on the use of natural capital, and its preservation is of paramount importance for the region. Ecological-genetic-economic studies demonstrate the need for adequate economic accounting of natural capital and the environmental factor in economic decisions related to the development of the territory and transport infrastructure of the region

Convective Drying at Fish Chips TECHNOLOGY

The article presents the overview of the main technological processes in fish structured products dehydration. The rational modes of the technological process of minced fish raw materials with various initial moisture and fat content heat treatment are determined. One of the main tasks of the fish processing industry development which allows increasing the profitability of products and their quality is improving technological processes. The scientifically substantiated choice of resource and energy-saving modes of processing food materials is highly important in this case. It will reduce not only production costs but also emissions of harmful substances into the environment and increase the efficiency of using equipment. It must be taken into consideration that the optimization of dehydration technological processes without identifying their patterns is extremely difficult. Increasing efficiency and controlling technological processes makes sense only on the basis of patterns. The effectiveness of the hydrobionts processing determines the quality and cost of finished products manufacturing while fish processing enterprises working. The development and implementation of highly efficient technologies with the use of resource-saving technical systems, for example, using heat pumps, makes it possible to produce cost-effective high-quality products

State and Value of Natural Capital as the Basis for Regional Economic Decisions

The economy of the Limansky district is based on the use of natural capital, and its preservation is of paramount importance for the region. Ecological-genetic-economic studies demonstrate the need for adequate economic accounting of natural capital and the environmental factor in economic decisions related to the development of the territory and transport infrastructure of the region