Julian Amery: Navigating Britain’s Shift from Imperialism to European Integration, 1950-1970

By examining the early political career of the Conservative MP Julian Amery this article considers how the British government attempted to restore its international influence Using Amery s career as a lens this article explores the international context which enforced his change in political leanings shifting away from neo-colonial imperialism towards Europeanism It will build upon existing literature notably Sue Onslow and Lucia Bonfreschi s contribution on Amery s career and go against a recent trend of examining the legacies of Powellite politicians In doing so it examines three key themes Firstly it investigates the role of the Mau Mau rebellions in fostering a more radical role as an advocate for sustaining British imperial controls abroad While Amery offered no solution to the rebellion the Kikuyu attacks laid bare the weakening of the United Kingdom s overseas influence In turn Amery became one of Prime Minister Eden s most prominent critics during the Suez Crisis The Anglo-French Agreement of 1954 was viewed as another act of British appeasement towards emerging nationalist governments which ultimately damaged the United Kingdom s international reputation Furthermore this article takes into account the shift from conventional to nuclear defence policies following Soviet Premier Nikolai Bulganin s threat of atomic weapon attacks during the Suez Crisis and how Amery tried to shape British nuclearization as a means of maintaining the United Kingdom s influence abroad And finally this article examines Amery s legacy in institutionalizing Franco-British cooperation over aeronautical technologies in the civil and military aviation fields since joint projects like the SEPECAT Jaguar and Concorde afforded the United Kingdom the platform on which to enter the European Communitie

The practice of local union leadership: a study of five local unions

(print) xiv, 282 p. : tables ; 21 cm.This book examines trade-union leadership at the local union level. It is based on information collected through a systematic study of leadership as practiced in five local union organizations. Its purpose is to broaden understanding of both local union leadership and local union organization. The study is the product of a professional psychologist and two labor economists using an interdisciplinary approach.1. The background and design of the research. p.3 -- Local unions in a period of stress. p.3 -- The need for the study. p.5 -- The conceptual framework of the study. p.14 -- The objectives of the study. p.21 -- 2. Some environmental factors affecting leadership policies and problems of local unions. p.23 -- The community. p.23 -- The international unions. p.25 -- The local unions. p.30 -- The employers. p.34 -- The environment factors. p.37 -- 3. Union Members : their attitudes and behavior. p.39 -- Union democracy. p.39 -- The need for followers. p.41 -- The objective of this chapter. p.42 -- Member conceptions of unionism. p.43 -- Satisfaction members get from unionism. p.60 -- Communications in local unions. p.64 -- Differences among the locals. p.69 -- Summary and conclusions. p.73 -- 4. Local union officers as leaders : a description and evaluation. p.75 --Characteristics of the officers. p.75 -- Behavior of officers in office. p.76 -- Officers' concepts of union office. p.86 -- Officers' perceptions of local union goals. p.89 -- Identification of barriers to goal achievement. p.97 -- Attempts to remove barriers to goal achievement. p.106 -- Evaluation and conclusions. p.113 -- 5. The causes of unsuccessful leadership : factors which influence the performance of local union officers. p.121 -- Pressures from the membership: the democratic context. p.121 -- Pressures from the membership: concepts of unionism. p.123 -- Pressures from the membership: desired form of member-officer relationship. p.129 -- Members' conception of their own union roles. p.131 -- Lack of member solidarity. p.132 -- Summary: member attitudes. p.134 -- Personal limitations of the officers: conceptions of unionism and union leadership. p.134 -- Personal limitations of the officers: lack of specialized training and skills. p.140 -- Personal limitations of the officers: personality and interpersonal relations. p.143 -- Employer practices. p.144 -- International-local union relationships. p.148 -- Trends in labor relations. p.150 -- A case study of contrasting leadership patterns in two local unions. p.152 -- Conclusions. p.162 -- 6. Problems and alternatives ahead : implications of the study. p.165 -- A brief summary of findings. p.165 -- Implications of the findings for the future role of unionism. p.167 -- Some prerequisites for the survival and growth of unionism. p.179 -- Leadership and member participation in local union organizations. p.182 -- Implications of the findings for labor education. p.195 -- 7. A final comment. p.205 -- Appendixes. p.209 -- A. The method of the study. p.210 -- B. Union member questionnaire. p.215 -- C. Interview questions: union members. p.237 -- D. Information questions: union members. p.241 -- E. Information questions: union officers. p.251 -- F. Information questions: union officers. p.263 -- Bibliography. p.269 -- Index. p.27

Attribute-Based Programming for Grid Services

this paper, we describe the attributebased programming model that we are developing as part of OGSI.NET, an OGSI-compliant hosting environment for the Microsoft .NET platform. Programmers annotate their code with attributes that are subsequently used by both pre-processing tools (e.g., to generate static information such as WSDL documents) and by the service's hosting environment (e.g,. to detect policy events). We focus on Service Data Elements (SDEs) and Service Security Policies. We argue that an attribute-based model can ultimately make creating a Grid Service as easy as creating a Web Servic

Toward explicit policy management for virtual organizations

A Virtual Organization (VO) is a dynamic collection of distributed resources that are shared by a dynamic collection of users from one or more physical organizations. As Grid Computing technology is starting to facilitate truly large-scale VOs, issues are being raised regarding the purpose, architecture and operational mechanism of the VO. The emerging approach is essentially to define the VO as a particular set of users, whereby a “VO server ” issues tokens to humans attesting to their membership in the VO. The problem with this approach is that there is little in the way of rules that describe the operation of the virtual organization or rules that govern the behavior of VO users and resources (and the ramifications of failing to meet the intent of the VO itself). Where such rules exist, they are implicit and therefore difficult to enforce in a consistent or automated manner. This paper identifies two representative policies for existing and future VOs and, more generally, identifies issues and approaches for addressing the practical concerns for implementing any explicit VO policy: utilization measurement, accounting, enforcement conditions, enforcement actions, and security. A prototype implementation using.NET is described. 1

Integrating active perception with an autonomous robot architecture

Today’s robotics applications require complex, real-time, high-bandwidth sensor systems. Although many such systems have been developed [12][14][17][10], integrating them into an autonomous agent architecture remains an area of active research. We will discuss how active perception systems can be integrated with agent architectures to perform complex tasks. We present an active stereo vision system integrated with a multi-tier agent architecture onboard a mobile robot. This robot “attends to ” multiple humans in a complex and unstructured indoor environment