Aerobic Energy Expenditure and Intensity Prediction During a Specific Circuit Weight Training: a Pilot Study

During circuit weight training (CWT), workloads, index of intensity as well as estimation of energy expenditure (EE) have been under estimated. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate physiological variables and gender related differences, including intensity prediction and EE, during CWT at different intensities. Twenty six subjects were assessed in a CWT, fourteen men and twelve women. The CWT program was performed at six different intensities, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 85% of 15RM. Seven exercises made up the circuit: sitting bench press, leg press, lat pull down, shoulder press, hamstring curl, biceps curl, and triceps cable push downs. A polar heart rate monitor and a portable metabolic system were used to measure heart rate (HR), intensity measured relative to the HR reserve, cardiorespiratory variables, EE and EE relative to muscle mass (EEMM). Differences between genders were observed at the following variables: HR, intensity measured relative to the HR reserve (in percentage), VO2, VCO2, VE, RER, aerobic EE and EEMM. The EE was significantly higher in men during the six intensities, but differences did not exist for EEMM from 70% to 85%. In addition HR, load and body weight were used to predict intensity and two gender specific equations were obtained for men and women [I (%) = 57.265 + 0.512HR - 0.696HRmax + 1.035 Loadavg + 0.188 Body Weight (R2=0.92; SEE=4.9%) for men; I (%) = 4.036 + 0.412HR% + 1.667 Loadavg (R2=0.79; SEE=7.7%) for women]. Thus, we conclude that gender related differences are present during CWT for EE, even when expressed relative to muscle mass, in addition HR, work load and body weight can estimate the intensity during CWT

From 2D leg kinematics to 3D full-body biomechanics-the past, present and future of scientific analysis of maximal instep kick in soccer

Biomechanics investigation on soccer kicking has a relatively long history, yet the body of knowledge is still small. This paper reviews articles published from 1960s to 2011, summarizing relevant findings, research trends and method development. It also discusses challenges faced by the field. The main aim of the paper is to promote soccer kicking studies through discussions on problem solving in the past, method development in the present, and possible research directions for the future

A study protocol of a randomised controlled trial to investigate if a community based strength training programme improves work task performance in young adults with Down syndrome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Muscle strength is important for young people with Down syndrome as they make the transition to adulthood, because their workplace activities typically emphasise physical rather than cognitive skills. Muscle strength is reduced up to 50% in people with Down syndrome compared to their peers without disability. Progressive resistance training improves muscle strength and endurance in people with Down syndrome. However, there is no evidence on whether it has an effect on work task performance or physical activity levels. The aim of this study is to investigate if a student-led community-based progressive resistance training programme can improve these outcomes in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A randomised controlled trial will compare progressive resistance training with a control group undertaking a social programme. Seventy adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome aged 14-22 years and mild to moderate intellectual disability will be randomly allocated to the intervention or control group using a concealed method. The intervention group will complete a 10-week, twice a week, student-led progressive resistance training programme at a local community gymnasium. The student mentors will be undergraduate physiotherapy students. The control group will complete an arts/social programme with a student mentor once a week for 90 minutes also for 10 weeks to control for the social aspect of the intervention. Work task performance (box stacking, pail carry), muscle strength (1 repetition maximum for chest and leg press) and physical activity (frequency, duration, intensity over 7-days) will be assessed at baseline (Week 0), following the intervention (Week 11), and at 3 months post intervention (Week 24) by an assessor blind to group allocation. Data will be analysed using ANCOVA with baseline measures as covariates.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This paper outlines the study protocol for a randomised controlled trial on the effects of progressive resistance training on work task performance and physical activity for adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. The intervention addresses the impairment of muscle weakness which may improve work task performance and help to increase physical activity levels.</p> <p>Clinical trial registration number</p> <p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12609000938202</p

Soccer-Specific Reactive Repeated-Sprint Ability in Elite Youth Soccer Players: Maturation Trends and Association with Various Physical Performance Tests

Repeated-sprint ability is an important physical prerequisite for competitive soccer and deviates for players in various stages of growth and development. Thus, this study investigated reactive repeated-sprint ability in elite youth soccer players in relation to maturation (age at peak height velocity) and its association with performance of other physical tests. Elite male youth players from an English Premier League academy (U12, n = 8; U13, n = 11; U14, n = 15; U15, n = 6; U16, n = 10; U18, n = 13) completed the Reactive Repeated-Sprint Test (RRST; 8 × 30-m sprints with 30-s active recovery), and other physical tests including the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2), Arrowhead Agility Test, Counter Movement Jump Test with Arms (CMJA), in addition to 10-m and 20-m straight-line sprints. RRST performance (total time across eight sprints) progressively improved from U12 to U16 (P 0.05; ES: <0.3). Correlation magnitudes between performance on the RRST and other tests were trivial to moderate for the Yo-Yo IR2 (r=-0.15-0.42), moderate to very large for the Arrowhead agility test (r=0.48-0.90), moderate to large for CMJA (r=-0.43-0.66) and trivial to large for 10- and 20-m sprints (r=0.05-0.61). The RRST was sensitive at tracking maturation trends in elite youth players, although performance improvements were not as marked from 15-16 years of age. RRST performance correlates with several physical qualities decisive for competitive soccer (agility, speed, power and aerobic endurance)

Kropp och hälsa i lågstadiet : En intervjustudie om hur pedagoger upplever undervisningen omkropp och hälsa i lågstadiet.

Denna studie tar sin utgångspunkt i en undran om hur pedagoger uppfattar och arbetar med området kropp och hälsa i de tidigare skolåren. Syftet är att kartlägga hur pedagoger i årskurs 1–3 arbetar med de naturorienterande ämnena inom området kropp och hälsa, och hur de arbetar för att öka elevers förståelse kring hälsan, så som fysisk aktivitet, kost och sömn. Där inkluderas även fysiska aktivitetspauser. Arbetet är en intervjustudie som utgår från en kvalitativ metod och en fenomenografisk teori i analysen. Urvalet av respondenter är fyra pedagoger som undervisar i biologi i lågstadiet. Slutsatsen är att kropp och hälsa är ett roligt ämne för eleverna att arbeta med, på grund av all den praktiska undervisningen. Det upplevs även som ett tacksamt ämne att arbeta med som pedagog. Respondenterna arbetar på liknande vis, vilket tar grund i Lgr11 (Skolverket, 2018). Resultatet visar även att trots att forskning visar på enbart fördelar med fysiska aktivitetspauser, så förekommer dessa knappt i undervisningen, och om de relateras till något lärande överhuvudtaget, så är det till ämnet idrott och hälsa

Patients' experiences of physical activity during depression or depressive symptoms : A literature review

Bakgrund: Depression är ett utbrett psykiskt tillstånd som är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till psykisk ohälsa i världen. Depression medför stora samhällskostnader varje år och påverkar livskvalitén negativt för densom drabbas. Oavsett var i vården sjuksköterskan arbetar är sannolikheten att träffa på en patient med psykisk ohälsa stor då såväl psykiska som fysiska symtom är vanligt förekommande. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av fysisk aktivitet vid depression och depressiva symtom. Metod: Till denna uppsats var metodvalet en litteraturöversikt. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, CinahlComplete samt PsycInfo och resulterade i elva artiklar som besvarade syftet. Samtliga artiklar har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats enligt Fribergs fyra steg. Resultat: Fem kategorier identifierades: Vikten av socialt stöd och sammanhang, vikten av trygg miljö, effekterna av fysisk aktivitet, känslan av självbestämmande samt känslan av att vara kapabel. Sammanfattning: Resultatet av analysen visade på vikten av en trygg träningsmiljö som genomsyrades av stöd och gemenskap av såväl andra patienter som professionella instruktörer. Att träningsaktiviteten var lustfylld och kunde utföras efter patientens preferenser och önskemål var också viktigt för att individen skulle uppleva goda effekter av den fysiska träningen. Effekterna kunde bland annat vara minskande depressiva symtom, mer energi i vardagen, bättre kroppskontroll och allmänt ökat mående och ökad livsglädje.Background: Depression is a widespread mental condition that is one of the most common causes of mental illness in the world. Depression drives large societal costs every year and has a negative effect on the quality of life for those affected. Regardless of where in the health care system the nurse works, the chance of seeing a patient with mental illness is substantial as both mental and physical symptoms are common. Aim: The purpose was to describe patients' experience of physical activity during depression or depressive symptoms. Method: For this essay, the choice of method was a literature review. The data collection took place via PubMed, Cinahl Complete and PsycInfo and resulted in eleven articles that answered the purpose. All articles have been quality reviewed and analyzed according to Friberg's analysis steps. Results: Five categories were identified: the importance of social support and context, the importance of a safe environment, the effects of physical activity, the feeling of self-determination and the feeling of being capable. Summary: The results of the analysis showed the importance of a safe training environment, supported by the community of both patients and professional instructors. That the exercise activity was pleasurable and could be performed according to the patient's preferences and wishes was also important for the individual to experience good effects of the physical exercise. The effects could include decreasing depressive symptoms, more energy in everyday life, better body control and generally increased mood and increased joy of life.

Patients' experiences of physical activity during depression or depressive symptoms : A literature review

Bakgrund: Depression är ett utbrett psykiskt tillstånd som är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till psykisk ohälsa i världen. Depression medför stora samhällskostnader varje år och påverkar livskvalitén negativt för densom drabbas. Oavsett var i vården sjuksköterskan arbetar är sannolikheten att träffa på en patient med psykisk ohälsa stor då såväl psykiska som fysiska symtom är vanligt förekommande. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av fysisk aktivitet vid depression och depressiva symtom. Metod: Till denna uppsats var metodvalet en litteraturöversikt. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, CinahlComplete samt PsycInfo och resulterade i elva artiklar som besvarade syftet. Samtliga artiklar har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats enligt Fribergs fyra steg. Resultat: Fem kategorier identifierades: Vikten av socialt stöd och sammanhang, vikten av trygg miljö, effekterna av fysisk aktivitet, känslan av självbestämmande samt känslan av att vara kapabel. Sammanfattning: Resultatet av analysen visade på vikten av en trygg träningsmiljö som genomsyrades av stöd och gemenskap av såväl andra patienter som professionella instruktörer. Att träningsaktiviteten var lustfylld och kunde utföras efter patientens preferenser och önskemål var också viktigt för att individen skulle uppleva goda effekter av den fysiska träningen. Effekterna kunde bland annat vara minskande depressiva symtom, mer energi i vardagen, bättre kroppskontroll och allmänt ökat mående och ökad livsglädje.Background: Depression is a widespread mental condition that is one of the most common causes of mental illness in the world. Depression drives large societal costs every year and has a negative effect on the quality of life for those affected. Regardless of where in the health care system the nurse works, the chance of seeing a patient with mental illness is substantial as both mental and physical symptoms are common. Aim: The purpose was to describe patients' experience of physical activity during depression or depressive symptoms. Method: For this essay, the choice of method was a literature review. The data collection took place via PubMed, Cinahl Complete and PsycInfo and resulted in eleven articles that answered the purpose. All articles have been quality reviewed and analyzed according to Friberg's analysis steps. Results: Five categories were identified: the importance of social support and context, the importance of a safe environment, the effects of physical activity, the feeling of self-determination and the feeling of being capable. Summary: The results of the analysis showed the importance of a safe training environment, supported by the community of both patients and professional instructors. That the exercise activity was pleasurable and could be performed according to the patient's preferences and wishes was also important for the individual to experience good effects of the physical exercise. The effects could include decreasing depressive symptoms, more energy in everyday life, better body control and generally increased mood and increased joy of life.