Calculation of CO 2 activities using scapolite equilibria: constraints on the presence and composition of a fluid phase during high grade metamorphism

Thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data for scapolite have been used to calculate CO 2 activities ( a CO 2 ) and to evaluate the presence or absence of a fluid phase in high-grade scapolite bearing meta-anorthosite, granulites, calc-silicates, and mafix xenoliths. The assemblage scapolite-plagioclase-garnet±quartz may be used to calculate or limit a CO 2 by the reaction Meionite+Quartz = Grossular+Anorthite+CO 2 . Granulites from four high-grade terranes (Grenville Province, Canada; Sargut Belt, India; Furua Complex, Tanzania; Bergen Arcs, Norway) yield a CO 2 =0.4-1, with most >0.7. For scapolite-bearing granulites from the Furua Complex, in which a CO 2 ≥0.9, calculated H 2 O activities ( a H 2 O) based on phlogopite dehydration equilibria are uniformly low (0.1–0.2). The a CO 2 calculated for meta-anorthosite from the Grenville Province, Ontario, ranges from 0.2 to 0.8. For Grenville meta-anorthosite also containing epidote, the a H 2 O calculated from clinozoisite dehydration ranges from 0.2 to 0.6. Calc-silicates from the Grenville, Sargur, and Furua terranes mostly yield a CO 2 1). The calculated fluid activities are consistent with metamorphism (1) in the presence of a mixed CO 2 −H 2 O fluid phase in which CO 2 is the dominant fluid species but other C−O−H−S species are minor, (2) in the absence of a bulk fluid phase (“fluid-absent metamorphism”), or (3) in the presence of a fluid-bearing melt phase. The results for many granulites and Grenville meta-anorthosite are consistent with the presence of a CO 2 -rich, mixed CO 2 −H 2 O fluid phase. In contrast the relatively restricted and low values of a CO 2 for calc-silicates require an H 2 O-rich fluid or absence of a fluid phase during metamorphism. The range of values for xenoliths are most consistent with absence of a fluid phase. The primary implication of these results is that a CO 2 -rich fluid accounts for the reduced a H2 O in scapolite-bearing granulites. However, scapolite may be stable with a wide range of fluid compositions or in the absence of a fluid phase, and the presence of scapolite is not a priori evidence of a CO 2 -rich fluid phase. In addition, close association of scapolite-free mafic granulites with scapolite-bearing granulites having identical mineral compositions in the Furua Complex, and the absence of scapolite from most granulite terranes implies that a CO 2 -rich fluid phase is not pervasive on an outcrop scale or common to all granulite terranes.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47295/1/410_2004_Article_BF00307340.pd

Calculation and application of clinopyroxene-garnet-plagioclase-quartz geobarometers

Recently published thermodynamic and experimental data in a variety of chemical systems have been evaluated to derive Gibbs free energies for hedenbergite and pyrope. These were used to calculate the geobarometric equilibriaPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47284/1/410_2004_Article_BF00399441.pd