New York City Primary Election 1969

Aggregated election statistical data of the Primary Elections 1969 in New York City. Topics: Aggregate data at election precinct level organized according to number of votes for candidates and sex of votersAggregierte, wahlstatistische Daten der Primary Elections 1969 in New York City. Themen: Auf Wahlbezirksebene aggregierte Daten, die nach Anzahl de Stimmen für den Kandidaten und Geschlecht der Wähler aufgegliedert sind

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and SZ alpha(1)-antitrypsin disease: a unique combination?

We describe a case of a 37-year-old female ex-smoker with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and SZ alpha(1)-antitrypsin disease who underwent successful bilateral sequential lung transplantation. While this disease combination has not been described previously, we recommend vigilance for the possibility of such combinations in patients with chronic lung disease. The possible mechanisms of interaction resulting from both disease processes are discussed

Exploring Animal Models That Resemble Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Large multicenter clinical trials have led to two recently approved drugs for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); yet, both of these therapies only slow disease progression and do not provide a definitive cure. Traditionally, preclinical trials have utilized mouse models of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis—though several limitations prevent direct translation to human IPF. Spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis occurs in other animal species, including dogs, horses, donkeys, and cats. While the fibrotic lungs of these animals share many characteristics with lungs of patients with IPF, current veterinary classifications of fibrotic lung disease are not entirely equivalent. Additional studies that profile these examples of spontaneous fibroses in animals for similarities to human IPF should prove useful for both human and animal investigators. In the meantime, studies of BLM-induced fibrosis in aged male mice remain the most clinically relevant model for preclinical study for human IPF. Addressing issues such as time course of treatment, animal size and characteristics, clinically irrelevant treatment endpoints, and reproducibility of therapeutic outcomes will improve the current status of preclinical studies. Elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the development of fibrosis and disrepair associated with aging through a collaborative approach between researchers will promote the development of models that more accurately represent the realm of interstitial lung diseases in humans