145 research outputs found
93-GT-300 CALIBRATING ULTRASONIC IMAGES FOR THE NDE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
ABSTRACT Ultrasonic imaging is taking a larger and larger role in the NDE of turbine engine materials and in support of fracture mechanics calculations. It is also playing an increasing role in quality and process control
Erfolgskontrolle von Hartholzauenwald-Aufforstungen in der Kliekener Aue
Hartholz-AuenwĂ€lder (Querco-Ulmetum minoris und weitere Vegetationseinheiten des Ulmenion) sind charakteristische Vegetationsgesellschaften entlang der groĂen Flussauen und wichtige RetentionsrĂ€ume. Bedingt durch den Wechsel von Ăberflutung und Trockenheit sowie eine hohe standörtliche Dynamik und HeterogenitĂ€t sind Hartholz-AuenwĂ€lder die struktur- und artenreichsten LebensrĂ€ume in Mitteleuropa. In frĂŒheren Jahrhunderten wurden viele AuenwĂ€lder zu Gunsten von Siedlungen und landwirtschaftlichen NutzflĂ€chen gerodet, was eine erhebliche Verringerung des FlĂ€chenanteils der AuenwĂ€lder zur Folge hatte. Die verbliebenen Hartholz-AuenwĂ€lder wurden im 19. Jahrhundert durch zahlreiche wasserbaulichen MaĂnahmen beeintrĂ€chtigt. Angesichts der hohen naturschutzfachlichen Bedeutung regelmĂ€Ăig ĂŒberfluteter Hartholz-AuenwĂ€lder und ihres heute geringen FlĂ€chenanteiles ist deren Erhaltung, Entwicklung und Erweiterung ein wesentliches Ziel des Naturschutzes in Flusslandschaften. Ziel des von der BiosphĂ€renreservatsverwaltung âMittlere Elbeâ 2000/2001 durchgefĂŒhrten EU-LIFE-Projektes âRenaturierung von Fluss, Altwasser und Auenwald an der Mittleren Elbeâ war u. a. die Entwicklung von ca. 60 ha Auenwald auf ehemals beweideten AlteichenbestĂ€nden und GrĂŒnland. Da bisher Erfolgskontrollen von Hartholz-Auenwaldanpflanzungen fast vollstĂ€ndig fehlen, erfolgte 2007 eine flĂ€chendeckende Erhebung des aktuellen Zustandes aller gepflanzten GehölzbestĂ€nde in der Kliekener Aue
Advances in Transient-Liquid-Phase Bonding of Ultra-high Temperature ZrC Ceramics
AbstractFull exploitation of the many attractive engineering properties of ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) requires that they can be joined. This paper explores progress in identifying joining strategies based on the use of transient liquid phases (TLPs). Wetting studies are used to explore the suitability of specific liquids for joining, while bonding studies provide the ultimate test. Sintering aids in the UHTC provide a major potential obstacle to successful joining, and dissolved impurities in the TLP can also complicate the joining process. Nonetheless, we show that well-bonding interfaces can be achieved when ZrC ceramics are bonded at 1673 K using a Ni/Nb/Ni multilayer interlayer
DeichrĂŒckverlegungen in Sachsen-Anhalt und wissenschaftliche Begleituntersuchungen am Beispiel des RoĂlauer Oberluchs
Deichbau und andere flussbautechnische MaĂnahmen haben dazu gefĂŒhrt, dass die Mittlere Elbe ihre ursprĂŒnglichen Ăberschwemmungsgebiete verloren hat. Um die Auswirkungen der alljĂ€hrlich auftretenden Hochwasserereignisse einzudĂ€mmen, wurden groĂe Bereiche der Talniederung durch Deiche vom Ăberflutungsgeschehen abgetrennt. Diese Eingriffe in den Naturhaushalt ermöglichten gleichfalls eine intensive ackerbauliche Nutzung oder eine hochwassersichere Bebauung der Auen. Die natĂŒrliche Auendynamik ist heute weitestgehend auf einen schmalen Bereich entlang der Elbe beschrĂ€nkt. Hinter den Deichen sind die fĂŒr die Elbeauen typischen LebensrĂ€ume von der lebenswichtigen Auendynamik abgeschnitten. Angepasste Auenarten und -lebensgemeinschaften treten zugunsten von Allerweltsarten zurĂŒck. Eine Wiederanbindung von Altauenbereichen an das Ăberflutungsgeschehen ist deshalb eine der vordringlichsten MaĂnahmen zur Revitalisierung gefĂ€hrdeter AuenlebensrĂ€ume und stellt eine Chance dar, einen nachhaltigen und modernen Hochwasserschutz mit Naturschutzzielen zu verbinden. An der Elbe entspricht das aktuelle Hochwasserschutzsystem nicht den heutigen Anforderungen an den Hochwasserschutz. Um jedoch jederzeit auf mögliche groĂe Hochwasserereignisse reagieren zu können, entstanden Anfang der 1990er Jahre in den AnliegerlĂ€ndern der Elbe zahlreiche PlĂ€ne fĂŒr DeichrĂŒckverlegungen
Individualization as driving force of clustering phenomena in humans
One of the most intriguing dynamics in biological systems is the emergence of
clustering, the self-organization into separated agglomerations of individuals.
Several theories have been developed to explain clustering in, for instance,
multi-cellular organisms, ant colonies, bee hives, flocks of birds, schools of
fish, and animal herds. A persistent puzzle, however, is clustering of opinions
in human populations. The puzzle is particularly pressing if opinions vary
continuously, such as the degree to which citizens are in favor of or against a
vaccination program. Existing opinion formation models suggest that
"monoculture" is unavoidable in the long run, unless subsets of the population
are perfectly separated from each other. Yet, social diversity is a robust
empirical phenomenon, although perfect separation is hardly possible in an
increasingly connected world. Considering randomness did not overcome the
theoretical shortcomings so far. Small perturbations of individual opinions
trigger social influence cascades that inevitably lead to monoculture, while
larger noise disrupts opinion clusters and results in rampant individualism
without any social structure. Our solution of the puzzle builds on recent
empirical research, combining the integrative tendencies of social influence
with the disintegrative effects of individualization. A key element of the new
computational model is an adaptive kind of noise. We conduct simulation
experiments to demonstrate that with this kind of noise, a third phase besides
individualism and monoculture becomes possible, characterized by the formation
of metastable clusters with diversity between and consensus within clusters.
When clusters are small, individualization tendencies are too weak to prohibit
a fusion of clusters. When clusters grow too large, however, individualization
increases in strength, which promotes their splitting.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Organic and conventional farming systems shape soil bacterial community composition in tropical arable farming
Soils present a limited resource for agricultural production and bear a vast diversity of organisms crucial for crop health and the provision of ecosystem services. There is growing evidence that agricultural practices affect soil microbial community structure and function but currently, there is a knowledge gap when it comes to tropical arable farming systems. In this study, we investigated the long-term impact of organic and conventional production systems on bacterial communities in two field trial located on a rhodic and humic nitisol in the Central Highlands of Kenya. The field sites operate on a full factorial design, testing farming systems (organic vs conventional) and input levels (high vs low). Including four field replication we assessed soil bacterial community structure via amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and soils capacity for nitrification and nitrous oxide reduction via qPCR of functional genes (bacterial and archaeal amoA, nosZ) after 12 years of distinct management and before the start of the 5th three-year crop rotation period in 2019. The abundances of amoA bearing nitrifiers and nosZ bearing nitrous oxide reducers were enhanced in the high input organic production system on humic but not in rhodic nitisols. For both soil types, high input organic production system resulted in distinct bacterial community structure with enhanced bacterial richness compared to conventional and low input production systems. In rhodic and humic nitisols 160 and 84 OTUs were found to be indicative for organic production system at high input levels organic. Taxa associated with this system were identified as potential primary decomposers or symbionts related to plant nitrogen fixation, suggesting organic fertilization strategies such as manure composting as major driver for changes in soil bacterial community structure. This study reveals that organic production systems at high input levels on tropical nitisols translates to distinct soil bacterial communities with increased capacity for soil processes that are crucial for crop nutrient supply
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