Effects of combination of alcohol and Cinnamomum burmannii essential oil against Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance

Alcohol-based antiseptics are widely used in the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent the transmission of infections, including bacterial infections. However, bacterial resistance to the alcohol-based antiseptics is begun reported. Klebsiella pneumonia resistance is one of the bacterial resistances that is prioritized by the WHO to be overcome. Cinnamomum burmannii essential oil, containing cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, was investigated for antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of the combination of alcohol and C. burmannii essential oil in inhibiting bacterial growth. Ethanol 80% in a combination with C. burmannii essential oil at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3% v/v were evaluated against K. pneumoniae using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Test was repeated three times in independent experimental. Inhibition zone diameter (IZD, mm) and antimicrobial index (AI, %) were determined and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test continued the Mann-Whitney test. The combination of ethanol and C. burmannii essential oil was sensitive to K. pneumoniae, meanwhile, ethanol 80% was not more sensitive. The IZD of the combination solution at 1, 2, and 3% concentration were 6.7±0.19, 9.0±0.58, and 11.0±1.15mm, respectively (p<0.05). The AI of the combination solution at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3% v/v were 7.04±2.04, 30.53±6.79, and 51.64±12.91%, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, the combination of ethanol 80% and C. burmannii essential oil active against K. pneumoniae which resistant to the ethanol

Correlation of Routinely Given Yoga Exercise With Level of Anxiety in Elderly of Yuswo Widodo Integrated Service Post Surabaya

Introduction: The percentage proportion of older people in Indonesia is increasing, indicating that Indonesia is a country with a population structure leaning towards the elderly. If one does not die before that, every human being will surely experience an aging process that can cause various problems such as health problems. Anxiety is one of the serious health problems in the elderly. Physical exercise, such as yoga, can help reduce anxiety level. Aim: To analyze correlation between yoga exercise and level of anxiety in the elderly in Posyandu Lansia Yuswo Widodo Surabaya. Method: This research used a pre-experimental study with pre-posttest one group design, held on the 26th of July 2019 until the 16th of September 2019. The samples in this study were 22 people, all of whom were elderlies who routinely visited and have participated in 16x yoga exercise for two months. The research instrument this study used was HARS. Kendall’s Tau B was used for the data analysis. Results: data analysis shows that there was a correlation between routine yoga exercise and the level of anxiety in the elderly in Posyandu Lansia Yuswo Widodo Surabaya p=0,030. Pretest results showed that there were 14 elderly with mild anxiety and eight elderly with moderate anxiety. post-test data showed five elderly with mild anxiety levels and 17 people who did not have anxiety. Conclusion: There was a correlation between the routine of yoga exercise and the level of anxiety in the elderly in Posyandu Lansia Yuswo Widodo Surabaya

DESCRIPTION OF AGE, CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN PATIENTS AT DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY PHC HOSPITAL SURABAYA

Background: Eyes are one of the most important sense organs in human life. Eyes can help humans in activities and get information visually. Disorders of the eye will hinder and make it difficult for humans to carry out daily activities and reduce the quality of life. The cornea is one of the most important parts of the eye. Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) is the middle part of the cornea. CCT examination is a routine examination that must be carried out, but there are still many who have not carried out routine CCT examinations. Patients with thick CCTs may cause the IOP readings to appear higher than the actual condition, and conversely, patients with thinner CCTs may give the interpretations the impressions that they are lower than the actual condition. Data related to CCT and IOP in Indonesia is still lacking, especially in Surabaya, so a search for research on age, CCT and IOP needs to be done.Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe data on age, CCT and IOP in patients aged 20 to 70 years in the outpatient polyclinic of Ophthalmology, PHC Hospital Surabaya.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional research design. The sampling method used is total sampling.Result: In this study, CCT was examined using a Canon TX-20P measuring instrument and examined on both eyes. The average CCT examination results in the 20-30 age group was 537.67 ± 28.16 μm and the 31-40 age group 544.89 ± 29.28 μm. In the age group 20-30 and 31-40 years, the CCT increased by 7.22 μm, however in the 41-50 age group, the average CCT was 540.09 ± 30.44 μm, which showed a decrease of 4.80 μm compared to 31-40 age group. In the 51-60 age group, the results were 553.35 ± 28.60 μm which showed an increase in CCT compared to the 41-50 age group and the 61-70 age group got the results of 550.35 ± 30.47 μm showing a decrease of 3.00 m compared to the 51-60 age group. IOP in the 20-30 age group obtained results of 16.25 ± 2.93 mmHg, this value is lower than the 31-40 age group. In the age group 31-70 years, the results of IOP decreased over time.Conclusion: Descriptive data obtained regarding age, CCT and IOP that can be used as baseline data or comparison in eye examinations.Keyword: Central Corneal Thickness, Intraocular Pressure, Eyes, Age, Cornea

Correlation Between Candida Albicans Colonization Growth And The Addition Of 5%, 10% And 40% Dextrose Level On Saboraud Dextrose Agar

Introduction : Candida albicans is normal flora that can be found on skin, oral mucosa and digestive tract. This organism are commensal or non pathogenic, but when there is other predisposition factor, this commensal tendency may become pathogenic to the human body. In Diabetes Mellitus patients with high blood sugar level can affect Candida Albicans infection events. Aim: The purpose of this research is to prove whether there is a correlation between Candida Albicans colonization growth and the addition of 5%, 10% and 40% Dextrose level on Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Method: This research is a true experimental research with post test only group design observed in 11 days. Samples are from 15 strains of Candida Albicans cultured in Saboraud Dextrose Agar without the addition of Dextrose, with the addition of Dextrose 5%, 10% and 40% in eleven days and the development were noted. The growth of Candida albicans is observed from the diameter growth. Result: in the culture of Candida albicans in 11 days. Data analysis using Kruskal Wallis with data signification (α = 0,05) obtained P 0,000 (

The Correlation Between Leukocytosis And Gallbladder Adhesion On Cholecystectomy Patients At X Hospital

Background: Gallbladder adhesion is a complication which causes difficulty in cholecystectomy. The author aims to seek for a test that could be used as a predictor factor for gallbladder adhesion. In this research, the elevated white blood cell (leukocyte) count is the factor studied. Aim: This study aims to seek for correlation between leukocytosis and gallbladder adhesion on cholecystectomy patients. Method: This research is an observational analytic study using cross sectional design. The independent variable in this research is leukocytosis, and the dependent variable is gallbladder adhesion. Analysis in this research is carried out with Chi-Square test, using a total sampling of 45 medical records of cholecystectomy patients at X Hospital. Result: The majority of cholelithiasis patients in this research were between 50-59 years old (33,3%), with a mean of 51 years old. The number of cholelithiasis patient was dominated by female (62,2%). According to the cholecystectomy procedure, 26 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (58,8%). According to clinical presentation, pain in the upper right of the abdomen was experienced by 25 patients (55,6%). Complication suffered by patients was mostly cholecystitis (n=44), yielding the number of 97,8%, followed by gallbladder adhesion in 34 patients (75,6%). Leukocytosis, which is assumed to be the predictor factor of gallbladder adhesion, was found in 15 patients (33,3%). The Chi-Square test showed no significant correlation between the two variable studied (p=0,62). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between leukocytosis and gallbladder adhesion in cholecystectomy patients

PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition in combination with doxorubicin is an effective therapy for leiomyosarcoma.

BackgroundLeiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a common type of soft tissue sarcoma that responds poorly to standard chemotherapy. Thus the goal of this study was to identify novel selective therapies that may be effective in leiomyosarcoma by screening cell lines with a small molecule library comprised of 480 kinase inhibitors to functionally determine which signalling pathways may be critical for LMS growth.MethodsLMS cell lines were screened with the OICR kinase library and a cell viability assay was used to identify potentially effective compounds. The top 10 % of hits underwent secondary validation to determine their EC50 and immunoblots were performed to confirm selective drug action. The efficacy of combination drug therapy with doxorubicin (Dox) in vitro was analyzed using the Calcusyn program after treatment with one of three dosing schedules: concurrent treatment, initial treatment with a selective compound followed by Dox, or initial treatment with Dox followed by the selective compound. Single and combination drug therapy were then validated in vivo using LMS xenografts.ResultsCompounds that targeted PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways (52 %) were most effective. EC50s were determined to validate these initial hits, and of the 11 confirmed hits, 10 targeted PI3K and/or mTOR pathways with EC50 values &lt;1 μM. We therefore examined if BEZ235 and BKM120, two selective compounds in these pathways, would inhibit leiomyosarcoma growth in vitro. Immunoblots confirmed on-target effects of these compounds in the PI3K and/or mTOR pathways. We next investigated if there was synergy with these agents and first line chemotherapy doxorubicin (Dox), which would allow for earlier introduction into patient care. Only combined treatment of BEZ235 and Dox was synergistic in vitro. To validate these findings in pre-clinical models, leiomyosarcoma xenografts were treated with single agent and combination therapy. BEZ235 treated xenografts (n = 8) demonstrated a decrease in tumor volume of 42 % whereas combining BEZ235 with Dox (n = 8) decreased tumor volume 68 % compared to vehicle alone.ConclusionsIn summary, this study supports further investigation into the use of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors alone and in combination with standard treatment in leiomyosarcoma patients

Contribution of DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint arrest to the maintenance of genomic stability

DNA damage response mechanisms encompass pathways of DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint arrest and apoptosis. Together, these mechanisms function to maintain genomic stability in the face of exogenous and endogenous DNA damage. ATM is activated in response to double strand breaks and initiates cell cycle checkpoint arrest. Recent studies in human fibroblasts have shown that ATM also regulates a mechanism of end-processing that is required for a component of double strand break repair. Human fibroblasts rarely undergo apoptosis after ionising radiation and, therefore, apoptosis is not considered in our review. The dual function of ATM raises the question as to how the two processes, DNA repair and checkpoint arrest, interplay to maintain genomic stability. In this review, we consider the impact of ATM's repair and checkpoint functions to the maintenance of genomic stability following irradiation in G2. We discuss evidence that ATM's repair function plays little role in the maintenance of genomic stability following exposure to ionising radiation. ATM's checkpoint function has a bigger impact on genomic stability but strikingly the two damage response pathways co-operate in a more than additive manner. In contrast, ATM's repair function is important for survival post irradiation

Composite Adenocarcinoma and Carcinoid Gastric Tumor in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Pernicious Anemia

A 42-year-old Hispanic female was referred for investigation of unexplained weight loss. Initial upper endoscopy showed atrophic gastritis. Repeat endoscopy one year later revealed the presence of mixed composite tumor consisting of gastric adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors. Treatment was accomplished by surgical excision. Such cases are extremely rare and few such reports are available in the literature. We discuss the pathologies and means by which these tumors are classified and treated