Order boundedness and order continuity properties of positive operator semigroups

Relatively uniformly continuous (ruc) semigroups were recently introduced and studied by Kandi\'c, Kramar-Fijav\v{z}, and the second-named author, in order to make the theory of one-parameter operator semigroups available in the setting of vector lattices, where no norm is present in general. In this article, we return to the more standard Banach lattice setting - where both ruc semigroups and $C_0$-semigroups are well-defined concepts - and compare both notions. We show that the ruc semigroups are precisely those positive $C_0$-semigroups whose orbits are order bounded for small times. We then relate this result to three different topics: (i) equality of the spectral and the growth bound for positive $C_0$-semigroups; (ii) a uniform order boundedness principle which holds for all operator families between Banach lattices; and (iii) a description of unbounded order convergence in terms of almost everywhere convergence for nets which have an uncountable index set containing a co-final sequence.Comment: 13 pages. This is version 2. Minor changes compared to version

Does limited virucidal activity of biocides include duck hepatitis B virucidal action?

BACKGROUND: There is agreement that the infectivity assay with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is a suitable surrogate test to validate disinfectants for hepatitis B virucidal activity. However, since this test is not widely used, information is necessary whether disinfectants with limited virucidal activity also inactivate DHBV. In general, disinfectants with limited virucidal activity are used for skin and sensitive surfaces while agents with full activity are more aggressive. The present study compares the activity of five different biocides against DHBV and the classical test virus for limited virucidal activity, the vaccinia virus strain Lister Elstree (VACV) or the modified vaccinia Ankara strain (MVA). METHODS: Virucidal assay was performed as suspension test according to the German DVV/RKI guideline. Duck hepatitis B virus obtained from congenitally infected Peking ducks was propagated in primary duck embryonic hepatocytes and was detected by indirect immunofluorescent antigen staining. RESULTS: The DHBV was inactivated by the use of 40% ethanol within 1-min and 30% isopropanol within 2-min exposure. In comparison, 40% ethanol within 2-min and 40% isopropanol within 1-min exposure were effective against VACV/MVA. These alcohols only have limited virucidal activity, while the following agents have full activity. 0.01% peracetic acid inactivated DHBV within 2 min and a concentration of 0.005% had virucidal efficacy against VACV/MVA within 1 min. After 2-min exposure, 0.05% glutardialdehyde showed a comparable activity against DHBV and VACV/MVA. This is also the case for 0.7% formaldehyde after a contact time of 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: Duck hepatitis B virus is at least as sensitive to limited virucidal activity as VACV/MVA. Peracetic acid is less effective against DHBV, while the alcohols are less effective against VACV/MVA. It can be expected that in absence of more direct tests the results may be extrapolated to HBV

Polarized lepton nucleon scattering - summary of the experimental spin sessions at DIS 99

This paper summarizes the contributions to the experimental sessions on polarized lepton nucleon scattering at the DIS 99 workshop. Results are reported about the flavor decomposition of the quark polarization, a first direct measurement of a positive gluon polarization, the observation of a double-spin asymmetry in diffractive rho production, the polarization of lambda hyperons, the observation of transverse single-spin asymmetries and the measurement of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule. Prospects of future fixed target and collider facilities are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Proc. of the 7th Int. Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD (DIS99), Zeuthen, Germany, April 19-23, 1999, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.

Epidemiology and immunogenetic background of islet cell antibody - positive nondiabetic schoolchildren : Ulm-Frankfurt population study

Islet cell antibodies (ICAs) were determined in a large cohort of white nondiabetic schoolchildren (n = 4287) from a homogenous population in southern Germany. The prevalence of ICA levels greater than or equal to 5 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (JDF) U was 1.05% (95% confidence interval 0.8-1.4%). Analysis of HLA-DR beta and -DQ beta alleles revealed that the specificities found to be increased in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic subjects with the same ethnic background were also associated with ICA positivity in the nondiabetic schoolchildren. HLA-DR3 (P less than 0.01) and -DR4 (P less than 0.01) phenotypes and absence of Asp residue (P less than 0.01) at codon 57 of the HLA-DQ beta-chain were significantly increased in ICA+ compared with control subjects. High levels of ICAs, which were categorized as either greater than or equal to 17 or greater than or equal to 30 JDF U, were found to be associated with amino acids other than Asp at position 57 of the HLA-DQ beta-chain. No association of ICA level was found for HLA-DR phenotypes

Dijet photoproduction of massless charm jets at next-to-leading order of QCD

We compute the charm dijet photoproduction cross section at next-to-leading order of QCD in the zero-mass variable flavour number scheme, i.e. with active charm quarks in the proton and photon. The results are compared to recent measurements from the ZEUS experiment at HERA. The predictions for various distributions agree well with the data, in particular for large momentum fractions of the the partons in the photon, where direct photon processes dominate. At low momentum fractions, the predictions are quite sensitive to the charm content in the photon. The experimental data are shown to favour parameterizations with a substantial charm quark density such as the one proposed by Cornet et al.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure

AsnI: A novel class II restriction endonuclease from Arthrobacter sp., strain N-CM, recognizing 5′-AT/TAAT-3′

AbstractA new class II restriction endonuclease, AsnI, with a novel sequence specificity was isolated from the Gram-positive eubacterium Arthrobacter species, strain N-CM. AsnI recognizes the unambiguously defined palindromic hexanucleotide consisting of A- and T-residues. The novel enzyme in the presence of Mg2+ cleaves specifically both strands as indicated by the arrows. The staggered cuts generate 5′-protruding ends with single-stranded 5′-TA-3′ dinucleotide extensions. The novel enzyme may be a useful tool for cloning experiments by complementation of the few enzymes such as PstI and PvuI cutting only once in the Ampr-gene of plasmids pBR322 and pBR328