Física e cultura popular : a poesia do samba na sala de aula

A criatividade é um elemento comum, tanto no trabalho do cientista como do artista e, uma aproximação entre esses dois campos do conhecimento pode facilitar a compreensão da Ciência como lugar de construção de conhecimento que está baseado, dentre outros aspectos, em concepções prévias trazidas por aqueles que participam dessa construção. Este trabalho apresenta parte de uma pesquisa que se baseou na aproximação entre a Física e elementos da cultura popular – a poesia do samba – como mediadora da investigação da origem das concepções alternativas de alunos do ensino médio sobre a reflexão da luz, através de um projeto de parceria entre a universidade e escolas, que envolveu alunos de graduação e ensino médio e que ocorreu no âmbito das escolas, para estudar a origem das concepções alternativas dos alunos, levando-se em conta as concepções de autores de músicas populares

Levels of organochlorine pesticides are associated with amyloid aggregation in apex avian brains

Organochlorine (OC) pesticides pose a significant environmental risk to wildlife and humans and have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aims to spectroscopically analyse brains from free-flying birds and link the results to OC exposure and consequent amyloid aggregation. As long-lived apex predators, predatory birds represent a sentinel species similar to humans. Therefore, the results have implications for both species and may also add to our understanding of the role OC pesticides play in the development of AD. Brains of wild sparrowhawks were analysed using ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and Congo red staining; results were correlated with OC pesticide concentrations in livers. Effects of OC exposure were sex and age dependant and associated alterations were seen in lipids and protein secondary structure. A shift from α-helix to β-sheet conformation of proteins indicated that concentrations of OC pesticides > 7.18 µg/g may lead to cerebral amyloid aggregation

Absorção de zinco pela cana de açúcar, Co 419, em função da idade

The status of zinc in sugar cane, variety Co 419, troughout its life cyle, was studid in samples cut monthly, from the 6th to 15th month, from an experiment carried on under the conditions of soil and climate prevailing in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment consisted of 6plots, 3 fertilized and 3 unfertilized. The fertilized ones received 40 kg of N (ammonium sulfate), 100 kg P2O5 (superphosphate) and 40 kg K2O (potassium cloride) per hectare, just before planting. The zinc content was determined by the Zincon method, after separation of zinc from other ions by means of the ion Exchange Resin III, Merck. The results obtained show that there was a tendency to decrease the zinc level in the stalks, whereas it kept more or less constant in the leaves; there was an exception in January, when the zinc level in the stalks had a sharp raise: 38-90-20 and 28-60-23 ppm for the fertilized an unfertilized treatments. There was a parallelism in the absorption of zinc by the plants from 4 hills of both treatments, through the whole - plantcycle but, the total amount taken up was higher with the fertilized plot due to its greater mass production

Tuberculose em Transplantados Hepáticos: Uma Série de Oito Casos Durante um Período de Cinco Anos

Introduction: Tuberculosis incidence in Portugal ranged from 20 to 22 cases per 100 000 inhabitants between 2010 and 2014. Tuberculosis incidence in liver transplant recipients is not precisely known, but it is estimated to be higher than among the general population. Tuberculosis in liver transplant recipients is particularly challenging because of the atypical clinical presentation and side effects of the antibacillary drugs and their potential interactions with immunosuppressive therapies. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of liver transplant recipients with post-transplant tuberculosis occurring from January 2010 to December 2014 at a liver transplantation unit in Lisbon, Portugal. Demographic data, baseline and clinical features, as well as treatment regimen, toxicities and outcomes, were analyzed. Results: Among 1005 recipients, active tuberculosis was diagnosed in eight patients between January 2010 and December 2014 (frequency = 0.8%). Late onset tuberculosis was more frequent than early tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was isolated from cultures in almost every case (7; 87.5%). Extra-pulmonary involvement and disseminated tuberculosis were frequent. Two patients developed rejection without allograft loss. Crude mortality was 37.5%, with 2 deaths being related to tuberculosis. Discussion: Despite the uncertainty regarding treatment duration in liver transplant recipients, disease severity, as well as number of active drugs against TB infection, should be taken into account. There was a need for a rifampin-free regimen and immunosuppression adjustment in patients who experienced acute graf rejection. Conclusion: Although the number of cases of tuberculosis is low, its post-transplant frequency is significant and the observed mortality rate is not to be neglected. The cases of hepatotoxicity and graft rejection seen in this case series demonstrate the challenges associated with tuberculosis diagnosis in liver transplant recipients and management of the interactions between immunosuppressors and rifampin. This study strengthens the recommendation of latent tuberculosis infection screening and treatment in liver transplant candidates or recipients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Analise Dinâmica do Desempenho Energético de um Envidraçado Termocrómico em Diferentes Zonas Climáticas de Portugal

Highly glazed facades are usually responsible for significant heat exchanges that increase climatization energy needs. Thermochromic glazing, an innovative glazing solution, can autonomous and reversibly alter its properties depending on the temperature of the thermochromic layer laminated between the external glass panes, promoting the reduction of thermal gains and the increase of indoor comfort and energy efficiency. This study aims at assessing the energy performance of a thermochromic glazing against a conventional static glazing with and without a reflective solar control film, considering an individual office room oriented southeast as case study. A dynamic simulation, previously calibrated with experimental data, was used to compute the monthly and yearly energy needs (heating and cooling) and energy use (climatization and artificial lighting) with the different glazing solutions installed in the cities of Braganza, Lisbon and Faro, representative of different climate zones of Portugal. A reduction up to 65% of the cooling energy needs was obtained with the thermochromic glazing. The dynamic behaviour of the thermochromic glazing reduced indoor daylight levels, consequently increasing artificial lighting energy use. However, it was possible to achieve a reduction up to 50% of the total energy use (climatization and artificial lighting) with the dynamic glazing.Fachadas de edifícios com grandes áreas envidraçadas tendem a promover trocas térmicas significativas que resultam em necessidades energéticas para climatização elevadas. Os envidraçados termocrómicos podem alterar de forma autónoma e reversível as suas propriedades térmicas e óticas dependendo da sua temperatura, promovendo a mitigação de ganhos térmicos e a melhoria de condições de conforto interior e eficiência energética. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o desempenho energético de um envidraçado termocrómico instalado num gabinete orientado a sudeste. Para esse fim, foi utilizado um modelo de simulação dinâmica, anteriormente calibrado com dados experimentais, para avaliar o desempenho energético anual do vidro termocrómico comparativamente ao de um envidraçado convencional incolor com e sem uma película refletora de controlo solar. As necessidades energéticas (aquecimento e arrefecimento) e o consumo energético (aquecimento, arrefecimento e iluminação artificial) foram obtidos para as diferentes soluções de envidraçados nas cidades de Bragança, Lisboa e Faro, representativas de diferentes zonas climáticas de Portugal. Com o envidraçado termocrómico obteve-se uma redução significativa, até 65%, das necessidades energéticas para arrefecimento. Apesar do comportamento dinâmico do envidraçado termocrómico e da diminuição das condições de iluminação natural do gabinete, foi possível obter uma redução do consumo anual energético total até 50%

Multi-trait and repeatability models for genetic evaluation of litter traits in pigs considering different farrowings.

Abstract: We aimed to compare multi-trait and repeatability models to estimate genetic parameters for the traits number of piglets born alive (NBA) and alive at 3 week of age (NP3), litter weight at birth (LW0) and at 3 week of age (LW3), and mean piglet weight at birth (MW0) and at 3 week of age (MW3), considering the first three farrowings of Landrace sows. Heritability (h2) estimates showed an increasing pattern up to the third farrowing for LW0 and MW3. For NBA, NP3, LW3, and MW0 h2 increased from the first to the second and decreased from the second to the third farrowing. In general, heritability estimated in the repeatability model was lower than the mean of the estimates in the multi-trait model. The traits LWO, MW0, and MW3 presented high genetic correlation among different farrowings (0.961? 0.997), while NBA, NP3, and LW3 (0.092?0.986) presented irregular values among farrowings. The corrected Akaike information criterion shows that the repeatability model is not indicated for almost all of the studied traits. These results indicate that the multi-trait model is recommended for genetic evaluation of the traits number of piglets born alive and alive at 3 week of age, litter weight and mean piglet weight at birth and 3 week of age, in different farrowings, as different traits. Resumo: Objetivou-se comparar os modelos multicaracterístico e de repetibilidade na estimação de parâmetros genéticos para as características número de leitões nascidos vivos (NLN) e às três semanas de idade (NL3), peso da leitegada ao nascimento (PLN) e às três semanas de idade (PL3), e peso médio do leitão ao nascimento (PMLN) e às três semanas de idade (PML3), considerando os três primeiros partos de fêmeas da raça Landrace. As estimativas de herdabilidade (h2) aumentaram até a terceira ordem de parto para as características PLN e PML3. Para NLN, NL3, PL3 e PMLN as h2 aumentaram da primeira para a segunda parição e reduziram da segunda para terceira parição. Em geral, as herdabilidades estimadas via modelo de repetibilidade foram menores que a média das estimativas obtidas utilizando o modelo muticaracterístico. As características PLN, PMLN e PML3 apresentaram altas correlações genéticas entre as diferentes parições (0,961- 0,997), enquanto as características NLN, NL3 e PL3 (0,092-0,986) apresentaram valores irregulares de correlações genéticas entre as parições. Pelo critério de informação de Akaike corrigido o modelo de repetibilidade não foi indicado para a maioria das características estudadas. Esses resultados indicam que o modelo multicaracterístico é recomendado para avaliação genética das características número de leitões nascidos vivos e às três semanas de idade, peso da leitegada ao nascimento e às três semanas de idade e peso médio do leitão ao nascimento e às três semanas de idade, em diferentes parições, como características diferentes

A absorção de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e enxofre pelo cafeeiro: coffea arabica variedade mundo novo |(B. Rodr.) Choussy | aos dez anos de idade

This paper describes the data concerning the weight of the trunk branches and leaves of the coffee tree at the age of ten years and growing in a latosol of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brasil (Table 1).O presente trabalho relata os dados obtidos sôbre a concentração e a quantidade de macronutritntes, N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S no tronco, ramos, fôlhas e frutos do cafeeiro, Coffea arabica, L, variedade mundo novo [(B. Rodr.) Choussy], aos dez anos de idade e crescendo em solo latossólico da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", em Piracicaba. São apresentados também os dados obtidos nas mesmas condições, sôbre o pêso de diversas partes (tronco, ramos, fôlhas e frutos) do cafeeiro

Confiabilidade e validade da palidez palmar e de conjuntivas como triagem de anemia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and the validity of the use of simple clinical signs as a method of anemia detection. METHODS: The study was carried out in a São Paulo, Brazil, day-care center, and included 135 children from ages 3 months-6 years. Hemoglobin level results and palmar and conjunctival pallor assessment were used. Children with Hb under 11g/dl were considered as anemic; subjective criteria were used for the assessment of palmar and conjunctival pallor. Kappa statistics were used in order to verify agreement, and, in order to evaluate the technique's validity, sensitivity and specificity levels were calculated. RESULTS: The results show low levels of agreement. There was a greater level of sensitivity to conjunctival pallor than to palmar pallor. Specificity results may be considered as good. CONCLUSIONS: It is still early to recommend the routine use of this technique. However, it could promote substantial savings if perfected.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade do uso de sinais clínicos simples de palidez palmar e de conjuntivas, como método para triagem de anemia. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado em uma creche municipal de São Paulo, SP, com 135 crianças >;3 meses