Does COVID-19 Vaccination Warrant the Classical Principle " ofelein i mi vlaptin"?

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic warrants an imperative necessity for effective and safe vaccination, to restrain Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including transmissibility, morbidity, and mortality. In this regard, intensive medical and biological research leading to the development of an arsenal of vaccines, albeit incomplete preconditioned evaluation, due to emergency. The subsequent scientific gap raises some concerns in the medical community and the general public. More specifically, the accelerated vaccine development downgraded the value of necessary pre-clinical studies to elicit medium- and long-term beneficial or harmful consequences. Previous experience and pathophysiological background of coronaviruses' infections and vaccine technologies, combined with the global vaccines' application, underlined the obligation of a cautious and qualitative approach, to illuminate potential vaccination-related adverse events. Moreover, the high SARS-CoV-2 mutation potential and the already aggregated genetical alterations provoke a rational vagueness and uncertainty concerning vaccines' efficacy against dominant strains and the respective clinical immunity. This review critically summarizes existing evidence and queries regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, to motivate scientists' and clinicians' interest for an optimal, individualized, and holistic management of this unprecedented pandemic

DETERMINATION OF THE TIME OF DRUG-EXPOSURE, INVESTIGATING DRUG DISTRIBUTION IN SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DETERMINE DRUG-ABUSE HISTORIES, EXPECIALLY THETIME AND THE PATTERN OF DRUG USE. BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS, SUCH AS BLOOD, URINE,SALIVA, NASAL MUCOSA, HAIR, NAILS AND BILE FROM 159 CASES BOTH CLINICAL AND POSTMORTEM SAMPLES WERE EXAMINED WITH ADX, FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY. BLOOD AND SALIVA ANALYSIS CAN PROVIDE INFORMATION OF VERY RECENT DRUG USE, WITHIN HOURS, WHEREAS URINE, NASAL MUCOSA AND BILE ANALYSIS DETECT RECENT USE,WITHIN DAYS. HAIR AND NAILS ANALYSIS ARE VERY USEFUL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR THEINVESTIGATION OF DRUGS OF ABUSE AND THE DETERMINATION OF THE TIME OF DRUG EXPOSURE, FAR IN THE PAST, EXPECIALLY IN THE SYSTEMATIC DRUG-USERS. DRUG INCORPORATION IN HAIR, THE CHEMICAL STABILITY OF THE SAMPLE AND THE CONSTANT RATE OF GROWTH CAN GIVE US VALUABLE INFORMATION IN DETERMINING DRUG-ABUSE HISTORIES, EXPECIALLY WITH THE METHOD OF SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS.Ο ΣΚΟΠΟΣ ΑΥΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΝΑ ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΣΕΙ ΤΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ ΧΡΗΣΗΣ ΗΡΩΙΝΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΙΝΔΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΝΝΑΒΗΣ, ΜΕ ΤΟΝ ΚΑΘΟΡΙΣΜΟ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΟΝΟΥ ΛΗΨΗΣ ΑΥΤΩΝ, ΤΟΥ ΕΙΔΟΥΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΟΣΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΒΑΡΥΤΗΤΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΛΗΨΗΣ ΑΥΤΩΝ. ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΑ ΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΑ, ΟΠΩΣ ΑΙΜΑ, ΟΥΡΑ, ΣΙΕΛΟΣ, ΡΙΝΙΚΟ ΕΠΙΧΡΙΣΜΑ, ΤΡΙΧΕΣ, ΝΥΧΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΧΟΛΗ ΑΠΟ 159 ΚΛΙΝΙΚΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΝΕΚΡΟΤΟΜΙΚΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΘΗΚΑΝ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΜΕΘΟΔΟ ADX, FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ ΕΞΗΧΘΗΣΑΝ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΑ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΡΕΛΘΟΝΤΙΚΗ ΧΡΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΟΥΣΙΑΣ, ΤΟ ΕΙΔΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΧΡΗΣΗΣ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΙΚΗ Η ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΑΚΗ ΚΑΘΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗ ΒΑΡΥΤΗΤΑ ΑΥΤΗΣ. Η ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΑΙΜΑΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΣΙΕΛΟΥ ΔΙΝΟΥΝ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΕΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΟΛΥ ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΗ ΧΡΗΣΗ, ΜΕΡΙΚΩΝ ΩΡΩΝ, ΕΝΩ Η ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΟΥΡΩΝ, ΡΙΝΙΚΟΥ ΕΠΙΧΡΙΣΜΑΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΧΟΛΗΣ ΑΝΙΧΝΕΥΟΥΝ ΧΡΗΣΗ ΝΑΡΚΩΤΙΚΩΝ ΟΥΣΙΩΝ ΕΝΤΟΣ ΜΕΡΙΚΩΝ ΗΜΕΡΩΝ. Η ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΤΡΙΧΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΝΥΧΙΩΝ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΙ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟ ΔΙΑΓΝΩΣΤΙΚΟ ΜΕΣΟ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΧΡΗΣΗΣ ΝΑΡΚΩΤΙΚΩΝ ΟΥΣΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΝ ΚΑΘΟΡΙΣΜΟ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΟΝΟΥ ΛΗΨΗΣ ΑΥΤΩΝ, ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΜΕΘΟΔΟ ΤΗΣ ΤΜΗΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΡΙΧΑΣ

Does COVID-19 Vaccination Warrant the Classical Principle “<i>ofelein i mi vlaptin</i>”?

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic warrants an imperative necessity for effective and safe vaccination, to restrain Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including transmissibility, morbidity, and mortality. In this regard, intensive medical and biological research leading to the development of an arsenal of vaccines, albeit incomplete preconditioned evaluation, due to emergency. The subsequent scientific gap raises some concerns in the medical community and the general public. More specifically, the accelerated vaccine development downgraded the value of necessary pre-clinical studies to elicit medium- and long-term beneficial or harmful consequences. Previous experience and pathophysiological background of coronaviruses’ infections and vaccine technologies, combined with the global vaccines’ application, underlined the obligation of a cautious and qualitative approach, to illuminate potential vaccination-related adverse events. Moreover, the high SARS-CoV-2 mutation potential and the already aggregated genetical alterations provoke a rational vagueness and uncertainty concerning vaccines’ efficacy against dominant strains and the respective clinical immunity. This review critically summarizes existing evidence and queries regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, to motivate scientists’ and clinicians’ interest for an optimal, individualized, and holistic management of this unprecedented pandemic