657 research outputs found
More than terminology: using ICNP to enhance nursing's visibility in Italy
Background: The International Council of Nurses (ICN) has elaborated an international terminology for nursing practice [International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP)] that can be useful to catalogue the problems of a nursing nature in diagnosis and also find a system for the classification of nursing activities. ICNP is also the reason why the Italian association Consociazione, representing Italian Nurses at ICN, through the School of Advanced Nursing of the University 'La Sapienza' of Rome, has set up a working group for the translation and experimentation of the ICNP version Beta 2. Content: In this article the ICNP beta translation and validation into Italian is considered with some scenarios of how benefit could be derived by its utilization for nursing's visibility. The visibility of nursing care can be measured not only through patient outcomes but also by studying the existing data of patient care documentation. To have a common language and terminology in nursing is important for a universal understanding. Results: Some philosophical reasoning on the genesis and development of 1CNP is discussed along with arguments for and against nursing classification systems. Some findings on Italian experimentation for nursing documentation as well as economical analysis are reported along with a vision for future development and utilization
The Wide-Angle Outflow of the Lensed z = 1.51 AGN HS 0810+2554
We present results from X-ray observations of the gravitationally lensed z =
1.51 AGN HS 0810+2554 performed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and
XMM-Newton. Blueshifted absorption lines are detected in both observations at
rest-frame energies ranging between ~1-12 keV at > 99% confidence. The inferred
velocities of the outflowing components range between ~0.1c and ~0.4c. A strong
emission line at ~6.8 keV accompanied by a significant absorption line at ~7.8
keV is also detected in the Chandra observation. The presence of these lines is
a characteristic feature of a P-Cygni profile supporting the presence of an
expanding outflowing highly ionized iron absorber in this quasar. Modeling of
the P-Cygni profile constrains the covering factor of the wind to be > 0.6,
assuming disk shielding. A disk-reflection component is detected in the
XMM-Newton observation accompanied by blueshifted absorption lines. The
XMM-Newton observation constrains the inclination angle to be < 45 degrees at
90% confidence, assuming the hard excess is due to blurred reflection from the
accretion disk. The detection of an ultrafast and wide-angle wind in an AGN
with intrinsic narrow absorption lines (NALs) would suggest that quasar winds
may couple efficiently with the intergalactic medium and provide significant
feedback if ubiquitous in all NAL and BAL quasars. We estimate the mass-outflow
rate of the absorbers to lie in the range of 1.5 and 3.4 Msolar/yr for the two
observations. We find the fraction of kinetic to electromagnetic luminosity
released by HS 0810+2554 is large (epsilon = 9 (-6,+8)) suggesting that
magnetic driving is likely a significant contributor to the acceleration of
this outflow.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap
A deep look at the inner regions of the mini-BAL QSO PG 1126-041 with XMM-Newton
A long XMM-Newton observation of the mini-BAL QSO PG 1126-041 allowed us to
detect a highly ionized phase of X-ray absorbing gas outflowing at v~15000
km/s. Physical implications are briefly discussed.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of "X.ray Astronomy 2009", Bologna
09/7-11/2009, AIP Conference Series, Eds. A. Comastri, M. Cappi, L. Angelin
Direct Measurement of the X-ray Time-Delay Transfer Function in Active Galactic Nuclei
The origin of the observed time lags, in nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN),
between hard and soft X-ray photons is investigated using new XMM-Newton data
for the narrow-line Seyfert I galaxy Ark 564 and existing data for 1H0707-495
and NGC 4051. These AGN have highly variable X-ray light curves that contain
frequent, high peaks of emission. The averaged light curve of the peaks is
directly measured from the time series, and it is shown that (i) peaks occur at
the same time, within the measurement uncertainties, at all X-ray energies, and
(ii) there exists a substantial tail of excess emission at hard X-ray energies,
which is delayed with respect to the time of the main peak, and is particularly
prominent in Ark 564. Observation (i) rules out that the observed lags are
caused by Comptonization time delays and disfavors a simple model of
propagating fluctuations on the accretion disk. Observation (ii) is consistent
with time lags caused by Compton-scattering reverberation from material a few
thousand light-seconds from the primary X-ray source. The power spectral
density and the frequency-dependent phase lags of the peak light curves are
consistent with those of the full time series. There is evidence for
non-stationarity in the Ark 564 time series in both the Fourier and peaks
analyses. A sharp `negative' lag (variations at hard photon energies lead soft
photon energies) observed in Ark 564 appears to be generated by the shape of
the hard-band transfer function and does not arise from soft-band reflection of
X-rays. These results reinforce the evidence for the existence of X-ray
reverberation in type I AGN, which requires that these AGN are significantly
affected by scattering from circumnuclear material a few tens or hundreds of
gravitational radii in extent.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
- …