Il Futuro della Cybersecurity in Italia: Ambiti Progettuali Strategici

Il presente volume nasce come continuazione del precedente, con l’obiettivo di delineare un insieme di ambiti progettuali e di azioni che la comunità nazionale della ricerca ritiene essenziali a complemento e a supporto di quelli previsti nel DPCM Gentiloni in materia di sicurezza cibernetica, pubblicato nel febbraio del 2017. La lettura non richiede particolari conoscenze tecniche; il testo è fruibile da chiunque utilizzi strumenti informatici o navighi in rete. Nel volume vengono considerati molteplici aspetti della cybersecurity, che vanno dalla definizione di infrastrutture e centri necessari a organizzare la difesa alle azioni e alle tecnologie da sviluppare per essere protetti al meglio, dall’individuazione delle principali tecnologie da difendere alla proposta di un insieme di azioni orizzontali per la formazione, la sensibilizzazione e la gestione dei rischi. Gli ambiti progettuali e le azioni, che noi speriamo possano svilupparsi nei prossimi anni in Italia, sono poi accompagnate da una serie di raccomandazioni agli organi preposti per affrontare al meglio, e da Paese consapevole, la sfida della trasformazione digitale. Le raccomandazioni non intendono essere esaustive, ma vanno a toccare dei punti che riteniamo essenziali per una corretta implementazione di una politica di sicurezza cibernetica a livello nazionale. Politica che, per sua natura, dovrà necessariamente essere dinamica e in continua evoluzione in base ai cambiamenti tecnologici, normativi, sociali e geopolitici. All’interno del volume, sono riportati dei riquadri con sfondo violetto o grigio; i primi sono usati nel capitolo introduttivo e nelle conclusioni per mettere in evidenza alcuni concetti ritenuti importanti, i secondi sono usati negli altri capitoli per spiegare il significato di alcuni termini tecnici comunemente utilizzati dagli addetti ai lavori. In conclusione, ringraziamo tutti i colleghi che hanno contribuito a questo volume: un gruppo di oltre 120 ricercatori, provenienti da circa 40 tra Enti di Ricerca e Università, unico per numerosità ed eccellenza, che rappresenta il meglio della ricerca in Italia nel settore della cybersecurity. Un grazie speciale va a Gabriella Caramagno e ad Angela Miola che hanno contribuito a tutte le fasi di produzione del libro. Tra i ringraziamenti ci fa piacere aggiungere il supporto ottenuto dai partecipanti al progetto FILIERASICURA

Multiple reactive keratoacanthomas in a patient with hypertrophic lichen planus treated with cyclosporine: Successful treatment with acitretin

n/

B-cell immunity and vaccine induced antibody protection reveal the inefficacy of current vaccination schedule in infants with perinatal HIV-infection in Mozambique, AfricaResearch in context

Summary: Background: Despite antiretroviral treatment (ART), immune dysfunction persists in children with perinatal HIV infection (HEI). Here we investigated the impact of HIV status on maternal antibody (Ab) passage, long-term vaccine induced immunity and B-cell maturation. Methods: 46 HIV Exposed Uninfected (HEU), 43 HEI, and 15 HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU) infants were vaccinated with 3 doses of DTaP-HepB-Hib-PCV10-OP at 2, 3, and 4 months at Matola Provincial Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique. Tetanus toxoid specific (TT) IgG, HIV Ab and B-cell phenotype characteristics were evaluated at entry, pre-ART, 5, 10, and 18 months in this longitudinal cohort study. Findings: Baseline (maternal) plasma TT Ab levels were significantly lower in HEI compared to both HEU and HUU and a faster decay of TT Ab was observed in HEI compared to HEU with significantly lower TT Ab levels at 10 and 18 months of age. TT unprotected (UP) (≤0.1 IU/mL) HEI showed higher HIV-RNA at entry and higher longitudinal HIV viremia (Area Under the Curve) compared to TT protected (P) HEI. A distinct HIV-Ab profile was found at entry in HEI compared to HEU. B-cell phenotype showed a B-cell perturbation in HEI vs HEU infants at entry (mean age 40.8 days) with lower transitional CD10+CD19+ B-cells and IgD+CD27− naive B-cells and an overall higher frequency of IgD−CD27− double negative B-cell subsets in HEI. Interpretation: B-cell perturbation, presenting with higher double negative IgD−CD27− B-cells was observed in neonatal age and may play a major role in the B-cell exhaustion in HEI. The ability to maintain TT protective Ab titers over time is impaired in HEI with uncontrolled viral replication and the current vaccination schedule is insufficient to provide long-term protection against tetanus. Funding: This work was supported by: NIH grant to SP (5R01AI127347-05); Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesú (Ricerca corrente 2019) to NC, and Associazione Volontari Bambino Gesù to PP

A Consensus list of microsatellite markers for olive genotyping

Cultivar identification is a primary concern for olive growers, breeders, and scientists. This study was aimed at examining the SSR markers retrieved from the literature and currently used in olive study, in order to select those most effective in characterizing the olive accessions and to make possible the comparison of data obtained by different laboratories. Olive microsatellite profiles were assessed by four independent laboratories, which analyzed 37 pre-selected SSR loci on a set of 21 cultivars. These SSR markers were initially tested for their reproducibility, power of discrimination and number of amplified loci/alleles. Independent segregation was tested for each pair of SSRs in a controlled cross and the allelic error rate was quantified. Some of them were finally selected as the most informative and reliable. Most of the alleles were sequenced and their sizes were determined. Profiles of the reference cultivars and a list of alleles with their sizes obtained by sequencing are reported. Several genetic parameters have been analysed on a larger set of cultivars allowing for a deeper characterization of the selected loci. Results of this study provide a list of recommended markers and protocols for olive genotyping as well as the allelic profile of a set of reference cultivars that would be useful for the establishment of a universal database of olive accessions

Prosafe: a european endeavor to improve quality of critical care medicine in seven countries

BACKGROUND: long-lasting shared research databases are an important source of epidemiological information and can promote comparison between different healthcare services. Here we present ProsaFe, an advanced international research network in intensive care medicine, with the focus on assessing and improving the quality of care. the project involved 343 icUs in seven countries. all patients admitted to the icU were eligible for data collection. MetHoDs: the ProsaFe network collected data using the same electronic case report form translated into the corresponding languages. a complex, multidimensional validation system was implemented to ensure maximum data quality. individual and aggregate reports by country, region, and icU type were prepared annually. a web-based data-sharing system allowed participants to autonomously perform different analyses on both own data and the entire database. RESULTS: The final analysis was restricted to 262 general ICUs and 432,223 adult patients, mostly admitted to Italian units, where a research network had been active since 1991. organization of critical care medicine in the seven countries was relatively similar, in terms of staffing, case mix and procedures, suggesting a common understanding of the role of critical care medicine. conversely, icU equipment differed, and patient outcomes showed wide variations among countries. coNclUsioNs: ProsaFe is a permanent, stable, open access, multilingual database for clinical benchmarking, icU self-evaluation and research within and across countries, which offers a unique opportunity to improve the quality of critical care. its entry into routine clinical practice on a voluntary basis is testimony to the success and viability of the endeavor