171 research outputs found
Evidence for proton acceleration and escape from the Puppis A SNR using Fermi-LAT observations
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are the best candidates for galactic cosmic ray
acceleration to relativistic energies via diffusive shock acceleration. The
gamma-ray emission of SNRs can provide direct evidence of leptonic (inverse
Compton and bremsstrahlung) and hadronic (proton-proton interaction and
subsequently pion decay) processes. Puppis A is a ~ 4 kyr old SNR interacting
with interstellar clouds which has been observed in a broad energy band, from
radio to gamma-ray. We performed a morphological and spectral analysis of 14
years of observations with Fermi-LAT telescope in order to study its gamma-ray
emission. We found a clear asymmetry in high-energy brightness between the
eastern and western sides of the remnant, reminiscent to that observed in the
X-ray emission. The eastern side, interacting with a molecular cloud, shows a
spectrum which can be reproduced by a pion decay model. Moreover, we analyzed
two gamma-ray sources located close to the remnant. The hardness of their
spectra suggests that the gamma-ray emission can be due to particles escaping
from the shock of Puppis A.Comment: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC
2023), 8 pages, 2 figures, 3 table
An overview of treatment options for mild-to-moderate acne based on American Academy of Dermatology, European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, and Italian Society of Dermatology and Venereology guidelines
Acne is a common inflammatory skin disorder affecting the pilosebaceous unit. Patients with mild-to-moderate acne can be treated with a combination of topical, systemic, and physical therapeutic approaches, with different results depending on patient, disease, and treatment characteristics. Herein we describe and discuss the common and alternative treatment options used for mild-to-moderate acne, by comparing three widely distributed guidelines (American Academy of Dermatology, European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, and Italian Society of Dermatology and Venereology
Clinical and Dermoscopic Features of Melanocytic Lesions on the Face Versus the External Ear
Introduction
Melanoma of the external ear is a rare condition accounting for 7-20% of all melanomas of the head and neck region. They present classical features of extra-facial melanomas clinically and dermoscopically. In contrast, facial melanomas show peculiar patterns in dermoscopy.
Objectives
To evaluate whether there are clinical and/or dermoscopic differences in melanocytic lesions located either at the external ear or on the face.
Methods
In this retrospective study we reviewed an image database for clinical and dermoscopic images of melanomas and nevi located either on the face or at the level of the external ear.
Results
65 patients (37 men; 63.8%) with 65 lesions were included. We found no significant differences in comparing face melanomas with melanomas at the level of the external ear, neither clinically nor dermoscopically. However, we provided evidence for differences in some clinical and dermoscopic features of melanomas and nevi of the external ear.
Conclusions
In this study, we reported no significant differences in comparing melanomas on the face with melanomas of the external ear, both clinically and dermoscopically. Furthermore, we provided data on clinical and dermoscopic differences comparing nevi and melanoma of the external ear
Actinic Keratoses: A Prospective Pilot Study on a Novel Formulation of 4% 5-Fluorouracil Cream and a Review of Other Current Topical Treatment Options
Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is one of the most common skin diseases, with a low risk of progression into invasive squamous cell carcinoma. We aim to assess efficacy and safety of a novel formulation of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 4% with once daily application for the treatment of multiple AKs.
Methods: A pilot study was performed on 30 patients with a clinical and dermoscopic diagnosis of multiple AKs, enrolled between September 2021 and May 2022 at the Dermatology Departments of two Italian hospitals. Patients were treated with 5-FU 4% cream once daily for 30 consecutive days. The Actinic Keratosis Area and Severity Index (AKASI) was calculated before starting therapy, and at each follow-up, to assess objective clinical response.
Results: The cohort analyzed included 14 (47%) males and 16 (53%) females (mean age: 71 ± 12 years). A significant decrease in AKASI score at both 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.0001) was observed. Only three patients (10%) discontinued therapy, and 13 patients (43%) did not report any adverse reactions; no unexpected adverse events were observed.
Conclusions: In the setting of topical chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the new formulation of 5-FU 4% proved to be a highly effective treatment for AKs and field cancerization
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