Beet silage: chemical composition, fermentacion parameters and use of NIRS Technology as a tool to identify ensiled beet varieties

8 páginas, 2 figuras, 4 tablas.--Comunicación presentada a la 53ª Reunión Científica de la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de los Pastos (SEEP). "Pastos y PAC 2014-2020"[EN] The use of beet root for the purpose of feeding the dairy cattle could be constrained by the scarce knowledge about the characteristics of this feed after it has been ensiled. To investigate the feasibility of using the NIRS methodology to analyze the chemical composition of ensiled beets and to discriminate between beet varieties, roots of four beet varieties were ensiled (Sandrina KWS 1193, Tilly KWS 2733, Gerty KWS 2734 and Páramo 3359) using laboratory silos (600 ml of capacity). Although small differences (P<0.05) in chemical composition were found between treatments, the range of variation was narrow, especially for crude protein, which reached low and quite uniform values. The pH values were lower than 4 for all the varieties and the fermentation was mainly acetic. Whereas NIRS spectra of raw silages did not allow beet varieties discrimination or chemical composition prediction, spectra from dried and milled samples suggest that NIRS technology could be used as a tool for both purposes. NIRS spectra of silage juices could also be useful to establish beet variety.[ES] El empleo de raíces de remolacha en la alimentación del vacuno de leche se ve limitado por el escaso conocimiento acerca de las características de este alimento una vez ensilado. Para estudiar la composición química y los principales parámetros de fermentación de ensilados de remolacha y explorar la posibilidad de emplear la tecnología de espectroscopía de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) para la estimación de los parámetros estudiados y para discriminar distintas variedades de remolacha, se ensilaron raíces de cuatro variedades de remolacha (Sandrina KWS 1193, Tilly KWS 2733, Gerty KWS 2734 y Páramo 3359) empleando micro-silos de 600 ml de capacidad. Se detectaron diferencias (P<0,05) entre variedades en todos los parámetros de composición química de los ensilados, aunque en el caso de la proteína sólo la variedad Tilly KWS 2733 presentó un contenido diferente (P<0,05) a los del resto de las variedades. El pH alcanzó valores menores que 4 para todas las variedades y la fermentación fue principalmente acética. Los espectros NIRS de las muestras de ensilado en fresco no permitieron ni discriminar entre las variedades ensiladas ni predecir la composición química. Sin embargo, los resultados con las muestras secas y molidas sí apuntan la posibilidad de emplear la tecnología NIRS con ambos fines. Los espectros NIRS de los jugos del ensilado también podrían resultar útiles para establecer la variedad de remolacha ensilada.Este trabajo se financió con el contrato asociado a proyecto CDTI titulado: Procesado y estudio de variedades de remolacha para su utilización en alimentación animal (código 100102120005). Organismo financiador: INDUSTRIAS DE NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL, S.L.Peer reviewe

Effect of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) inclusion in the diet for fattening lambs on animal performance, ruminal characteristics and meat quality

[EN] Thirty male merino lambs were fed with a pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) alone or supplemented with hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones at two different doses (1.5 and 3.0 g hop cones/kg pelleted TMR, respectively), to study the effects of this dietary source of antioxidants on animal performance, ruminal parameters and meat quality attributes. The results showed that dietary supplementation with hop cones decreased lambs' growth rate (P < 0.05) due to a shift in ruminal fermentation, towards a more acetic and less propionic acid production (P < 0.05). These changes in animal growth rate might have promoted microstructural modifications in the quantity and size of muscle fibres, thereby inducing the differences observed in meat chemical composition, colour and texture (P 0.10).S

Production Significance of Bovine Respiratory Disease Lesions in Slaughtered Beef Cattle

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).[EN] Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is still a serious concern in feedlots, where it exerts a negative effect on farm productivity. There is a shortage of studies focused on the evaluation of BRD-associated lesions at the slaughterhouse in clinically healthy animals. The objective of this work was to investigate the prevalence and type of subclinical pneumonic lesions in slaughtered beef cattle, according to the age range and management system, and its impact on carcass weight. A total of 1101 beef cattle intended for human consumption were examined at slaughter. Information on age, sex, management system and carcass weight was recorded. The presence and type of pneumonia were evaluated according to gross and microscopic findings and etiological agents by PCR. Lung pneumonic lesions appeared in 17.9% of animals and were predominant among veal calves. According to the type, chronic catarrhal pneumonia prevailed in the majority of animals, and mixed and extensively reared cattle were more likely to suffer acute fibrinous pneumonia. The presence of pneumonic lesions was associated with a significant decrease in carcass weight that had more of an impact in veal male calves coming from intensive systems. Bacterial infections were the predominant infectious agent and the only cause of acute fibrinous pneumonia, while viruses were infrequent and only found in lesions with chronic catarrhal pneumonia. This study shows the importance of BRD in beef feedlots upon production values and points out the feasibility of slaughterhouse assessment of pneumonia as a method for the evaluation of BRD significance.SIThis work was supported by the research funds of the Ruminant Health and Pathology research group of the University of León

Effects of dietary inclusion of sunflower soap stocks on colour, oxidation and microbiological growth of meat from light fattening lambs

[EN] Thirty-two lambs were finished on a total mixed ration (TMR) pelleted alone (00SS) or including sunflower soap stock (SS): 15SS (15 g SS per kg TMR), 30SS (30 g SS per kg TMR) and 60SS (60 g SS per kg TMR). Lambs (8 per group) were slaughtered at 27 kg live weight. Colour evolution, lipid oxidation, microbial growth and detection of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli were studied in meat samples. SS in the diet reduced meat lipid oxidation (P 0.05) on the cholesterol oxidation products. Meat from 60SS and control animals (00SS) revealed greater discoloration (P < 0.05) than 15SS. SS supplementation did not affect the microbiological populations, whereas high doses of SS seemed to increase the proliferation of diarrhoeagenic E. coli on day 14 (P < 0.10). These results suggest that the rate of SS inclusion in the diet of fattening lambs should not be above 15 g SS per kg TMR.S

Grain grinding size of cereals in complete pelleted diets for growing lambs: Effects on ruminal microbiota and fermentation

[EN] Lambs from intensive dairy sheep production systems are sold out either after weaning as milk-fed lambs or after a fattening characterized by high intakes of concentrate feeds (mainly cereals) which can lead to ruminal disorders. Therefore, it is essential to explore different feeding alternatives in order to reach a balance between economic or productive benefits and animal welfare. Twenty weaned male lambs (6–8 weeks age, 14.8 ± 0.16 kg body weight) were allocated randomly to one of two different groups (n=10 per group) to study the effect of feeding a complete pelleted diet (CPD) in which cereal grains were ground at two different sieve sizes (either 2-mm with 13.5% dry matter (DM) of the particles>1.7mm or 6-mm with 47.1% DM of particles>1.7 mm) on DM intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal microbiota and fermentation. Lambs were fed the corresponding CPD ad libitum and slaughtered when they reached 27 kg. DM intake was greater in the lambs fed 2-mm grains than in those fed 6-mm grains (P < .05). Feeding 2-mm grains in comparison to 6-mm grains resulted in darker colour of ruminal mucosa (100 vs. 127, from a scale where 0 is black and 256 white; SED=9.8; P=.017) and thicker stratum corneum (45.3 vs. 30.9 μm; SED=3.67; P=.001), suggesting more severe acidotic conditions in the rumen with the smaller cereal particle size. Analysis of microbial communities revealed that the presence of ruminal bacteria such as Prevotella and Quinella was increased in the digesta of animals fed the 2-mm diet. These data were corroborated by the odd- and branched-chain fatty acid profile of ruminal contents, which would indicate a shift from cellulolytic to amylolytic bacteria in the rumen of lambs fed the 2-mm diet. In conclusion, feeding 6-mm in comparison to 2-mm ground cereal grains included in CPD formulated for growing lambs is an alternative strategy that may reduce ruminal acidosis through changes in the microbiota.wSICSIC ( (Proyecto Intramural Especial; Project 201540E084)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España

Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose and/or Hemoglobin A1c 5.7% to 6.4%: Evidence for a Gradient According to Diagnostic Criteria. The PREDAPS Study

It has been suggested that the early detection of individuals with prediabetes can help prevent cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the current study was to examine the cardiometabolic risk profile in patients with prediabetes according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) criteria. Cross-sectional analysis from the 2022 patients in the Cohort study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS Study) was developed. Four glycemic status groups were defined based on American Diabetes Association criteria. Information about cardiovascular risk factors-body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glomerular filtration-and metabolic syndrome components were analyzed. Mean values of clinical and biochemical characteristics and frequencies of metabolic syndrome were estimated adjusting by age, sex, educational level, and family history of diabetes. A linear trend (P < 0.001) was observed in most of the cardiovascular risk factors and in all components of metabolic syndrome. Normoglycemic individuals had the best values, individuals with both criteria of prediabetes had the worst, and individuals with only one-HbA1c or FPG-criterion had an intermediate position. Metabolic syndrome was present in 15.0% (95% confidence interval: 12.6-17.4), 59.5% (54.0-64.9), 62.0% (56.0-68.0), and 76.2% (72.8-79.6) of individuals classified in normoglycemia, isolated HbA1c, isolated FPG, and both criteria groups, respectively. In conclusion, individuals with prediabetes, especially those with both criteria, have worse cardiometabolic risk profile than normoglycemic individuals. These results suggest the need to use both criteria in the clinical practice to identify those individuals with the highest cardiovascular risk, in order to offer them special attention with intensive lifestyle intervention programs

Microbial growth and biogenic amine production in a Balkan-style fresh sausage during refrigerated storage under a CO2-containing anaerobic atmosphere: effect of the addition of Zataria multiflora essential oil and hops extract

Producción CientíficaFresh sausages are highly perishable, and the preservatives allowed in these types of meat preparations are limited. Balkan-style fresh sausages were prepared in triplicate without antimicrobials (Control), with an aqueous hops extract (30 mL/kg), with Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil (1 mL/kg), or a combination of both (15 and 0.5 mL/kg, respectively), and refrigerator-stored under a 20% CO2 and 80% N2 atmosphere. The spoilage microbial growth, i.e., lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, molds and yeasts, the pH value, and the production of biogenic amines in the sausages were monitored weekly and compared with a control sausage during a 35-day storage period. Furthermore, 349 colonies of presumptive LAB (isolated from the De Mann, Rogose-Sharpe agar plates) were identified using a MALDI-TOF-based method. Growth levels to ≈ 9 Log colony forming units (CFU) per g were reached by LAB, with a predominance of Lactobacillus sakei. Enterobacteriaceae and B. thermosphacta also showed significant growth (up to 6 Log CFU/g). Biogenic amine levels increased, and tyramine values overcame 250 mg/kg. The study could not demonstrate a significant effect of antimicrobial source treatments in any of the characteristics studied, and thus, the shelf-life of sausages.Junta de Castilla y León (project CSI042 P17)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) (grant 288189

Hydrology and its role in water engineering

[ES] La Hidrología es una ciencia esencial en Ingeniería del Agua, la cual abarca un amplio abanico de temas de investigación que engloban los diversos estadios del agua en el ciclo Hidrológico, tanto en atmósfera, superficie y suelo. Con motivo del relanzamiento de la revista Ingeniería del Agua se presenta un breve artículo de carácter introductorio en el que se muestran algunas de la líneas de investigación actuales en Hidrología, dedicadas a lluvia, interceptación de agua por la vegetación, sensores en Hidrología, agua subterránea, entre otras. Dicha revisión no pretende ser exhaustiva, dado el tamaño limitado de este formato de publicación, sino motivar la publicación en Ingeniería del Agua de artículos dentro de la temática Hidrología.[EN] Hydrology is the basic science for water engineering, including a wide list of research topics ranging from atmospheric water and surface hydrology to groundwater hydraulics. To initiate the new publication period of the journal Ingeniería del Agua, we present here a brief review paper where the current state of research in many hydrologic fields is discussed. The aim of the paper is not to present a complete picture of current state-of-the-art research topics, but rather to provide a broad overview and stimulate new and innovative publication of Hydrology papers in the journal Ingeniería del Agua.García-Marín, A.; Roldán-Cañas, J.; Estévez, J.; Moreno-Pérez, F.; Serrat-Capdevila, A.; González, J.; Francés García, FR.... (2014). La hidrología y su papel en ingeniería del agua. Ingeniería del agua. 18(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2014.3048OJS11418

Evolución de pacientes con prediabetes en Atención Primaria de Salud (PREDAPS): resultados del primer año de seguimiento

En 2012, la Red de Grupos de Estudio de la Diabetes en Atención Primaria de la Salud (redGDPS) inició el Estudio PREDAPS con la finalidad de determinar la incidencia de diabetes en individuos con prediabetes e identificar los factores asociados al desarrollo de la enfermedad y de sus complicaciones. En la etapa basal se incluyeron 2022 participantes, formando dos cohortes: una cohorte de 838 sujetos sin alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa y otra cohorte de 1184 sujetos con prediabetes. Durante el año 2013 se realizó la primera visita de seguimiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar los principales resultados obtenidos en este primer año de seguimiento y evaluar la relación entre diversos factores registrados en la etapa basal y la incidencia de diabetes en la cohorte de sujetos con prediabetes