ABAp increases after an oral glucose load in healthy subjects, but not in T2D patients.

<p>After overnight fasting, a pre-test blood sample was taken from 7 healthy subjects and from 9 T2D patients, all of whom subsequently underwent a standard OGTT. The values of plasma ABA (A), glucose (B) and insulin (C) shown are the mean ± SD from the healthy controls (black rhombi) and from the T2D subjects (grey squares). * p<0.05 relative to time zero values.</p

Fasting ABAp in NGT subjects and T2D patients.

<p>Fasting ABAp was determined by HPLC-MS in 21 male T2D patients (squares) and in 27 sex-, age- and BMI-matched NGT subjects (rhombi). Results are ordered by increasing value. The circled areas indicate the possible existence of two sub-groups within the T2D patients, one with higher-than-normal ABAp levels and one with ABAp values similar to those of the NGT group. Inset: a box-and-whisker plot drawn from the same data sets. * p = 0.013</p

Pre-partum impairment and post-partum restoration of the ABAp increase after oral glucose load in GDM subjects.

<p>The values of plasma ABA (A), glucose (B) and insulin (C) shown are the mean ± SD from seven NGT (black rhombi) and from nine GDM subjects (grey squares), who underwent a standard OGTT at the 24^th-28^th week (pre-partum) and again 2–3 months after childbirth (post-partum). Post-partum restoration of the ABAp increase during OGTT in the GDM subjects was accompanied by restoration of a normal glycemic profile. * p<0.05 compared to time zero values; ^§ p<0.05 compared to NGT.</p

Higher fasting ABAp in T2D patients compared to NGT controls.

<p>Higher fasting ABAp in T2D patients compared to NGT controls.</p

Diminished increase of ABAp after oral glucose load in GDM and reversal to normal after childbirth.

<p>Diminished increase of ABAp after oral glucose load in GDM and reversal to normal after childbirth.</p