Legal Protection Against Termination Of Employment In The Framework Of Maintaining The Continuity Of The Business World Associated With Investment In Indonesia

Legal protection against termination of employment is protection given to workers affected by the termination of employment in the form of legal instruments, both preventive and repressive, both written and unwritten. At the same time, the formulation of the problem is 1). How is implementing the regulation regarding termination of employment (PHK) to provide certainty in the sustainability of the business world, 2). What is the government's role in terminating employment relations (PHK) to maintain the business world's continuity in relation to investment in Indonesia, 3) how are efforts to provide legal protection for entrepreneurs against termination of employment (PHK) to maintain the continuity of the business world related to investment in Indonesia. The research method uses normative and empirical juridical law research methods. Namely, the law is conceptualized as what is written in statutory regulations, or law is conceptualized as rules or norms, which are benchmarks for human behavior that are considered appropriate. The conclusions of this study include: 1) the application of regulations regarding termination of employment has yet to provide certainty in the sustainability of the business world. There are still many companies/employers who lay off workers but still need to fulfill their obligations following the provisions of the law. 2) The government's role in layoffs to maintain the business world's continuity is associated with an investment in Indonesia by guaranteeing workers' fundamental rights. 3). Efforts to protect the law against employers for termination of employment to maintain the business world's continuity associated with an investment in Indonesia, namely employers are required to fulfill workers' rights following Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. Keywords: Legal Protection, Termination of Employment, Business World, Investmen

Physicochemical properties and thermal behaviour of African wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seed fat

African wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis) is now recognized for its numerous food and medicinal uses. This plant produces seeds rich in fat, which is traditionally used as a soup thickener. In the present study, the fat from Irvingia gabonensis seeds was solvent extracted and characterized. Besides a chemical characterization (fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TG) profiles), the melting and crystallization behaviour of the extracted fat was studied by complementary techniques: pNMR, DSC and X-ray diffraction in order to get basic information regarding its physical properties and more particularly, about its polymorphism. The seeds from Irvingia gabonensis (IG) represent an important source of lipids (69e75 g/100 g), rich in myristic (49.8%) and lauric acid (37%). Due to its FA composition, this fat can be classified among “lauric fats”. The melting profiles of IG fat indicates that a high amount of fat remains solid at temperatures up to 30 °C; the complete melting was detected at around 40 °C. The most stable polymorph of this fat is the ℬ' 1-form. Moreover, IG fat presents a good oxidative stability due to its low content in unsaturated fatty acid

Physicochemical properties and the thermal behaviour of african wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seeds oil

Plants belonging Dacryodes and lrvingia genus have great economic importance in Central and West Africa. lrvingia gabonensis (IG) produces a seed rich in fats, traditionally used as a soup thickener. Fruit of Dacryodes edulis (DS) contains a pulp how are also rich in fat. Its seed constitute a big waste problem in towns and village remains not exploitable by local people however that may be valued as a resource for various components. Some study shows that this seed contented a proportion of oils that would be an alternative in the substitution of diesel relevant to their physicochemical properties. Despite the potential of two different oils, theirs scientific data still lack. In this work, thermo-physical behaviour of those two oils is compared in the aim to improving knowledge about properties of those oils that will promote their valorisation in industry scale. The result of this investigation showed that IGO have a highest proportion of oil content with 72.38% compared to DSO (14.64%). IGO is rich in myristic (49.8%) and lauric fatty acid (37%) but DSO sample was found to possess a higher proportion of linoleic acid (35.13%), palmitic (32.67%), oleic (17.70%) but lower proportion of stearic (9.97%). SFC of IGO was the highest at all temperatures. IGO is solid at room temperature with a complete melting at 40°C but DSO is liquid at room temperature. The polymorphism profile of IGO and DSO shows the 13' form stable during heating and a transition to liquid state without passage at β form

Physicochemical properties and thermal behaviour of African wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seed oil.

African wild mango (lrvingia gabonensis) is now recognized for its numerous food and medicinal uses. This plant produces seeds rich in fat, which is traditionally used as a soup thickener. in the present study, the proximate composition of seeds from lrvingia gabonensis is reported. The oil from the seeds was then solvent extracted; its fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TG) profiles were determined. Besides this chemical characterization, the melting and crystallization behaviour of the extracted fat was studied by pNMR, DSC and X-ray diffraction. The result of this investigation showed that the seeds from lrvingia gabonensis (IG) represent an important source of lipids (69-75%), rich in myristic (49.8%) and lauric acid (37%). This fat can be classified among "lauric fats". IG oil presents a good oxidative stability due to its low content in unsaturated fatty acid. The melting profiles of IG oil indicates that a high amount of fat remains solid at temperatures up to 30°C; the complete melting was detected at around 40C. The most stable polymorph of this fat is the β'1 -form

Trajectories of recall memory as predictive of hearing impairment: A longitudinal cohort study

Objectives - Accumulating evidence points to a relationship between hearing function and cognitive ability in later life. However, the exact mechanisms of this relationship are still unclear. This study aimed to characterise latent cognitive trajectories in recall memory and identify their association with subsequent risk of hearing impairment. Methods - We analysed data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Wave 1 (2002/03) until Wave 7 (2014/15). The study population consisted of 3,615 adults aged 50+ who participated in the first wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, who had no self-reported hearing impairment in Wave 1, and who underwent a hearing test in Wave 7. Respondents were classified as having hearing impairment if they failed to hear tones quieter than 35 dB HL in the better ear. Results - The trajectories of recall memory scores were grouped using latent class growth mixture modelling and were related to the presence of hearing impairment in Wave 7. Models estimating 1-class through 5-class recall memory trajectories were compared and the best-fitting models were 4-class trajectories. The different recall memory trajectories represent different starting points and mean of the memory scores. Compared to respondents with the highest recall memory trajectory, other trajectories were increasingly likely to develop later hearing impairment. Conclusions - Long-term changes in cognitive ability predict hearing impairment. Further research is required to identify the mechanisms explaining the association between cognitive trajectories and hearing impairment, as well as to determine whether intervention for maintenance of cognitive function also give benefit on hearing function among older adults

Associations between self-reported sensory impairment and risk of cognitive decline and impairment in the health and retirement study cohort

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether self-assessed single (hearing or visual) and dual sensory (hearing and visual) impairments are associated with cognitive decline and incident possible cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and probable dementia. Method: Data were drawn from the 1996-2014 surveys of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), involving 19,618 respondents who had no probable dementia and who were aged 50 years or older at the baseline. We used linear mixed models to test the association between self-assessed sensory impairment and cognitive decline followed by a Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the relative risk of incident possible CIND and probable dementia associated with the presence of sensory impairment. Results: Respondents with self-assessed single and dual sensory impairment performed worse in cognitive tests than those without sensory impairment. The fully adjusted incidence of developing possible CIND was 17% higher for respondents with hearing impairment than those without hearing impairment. Respondents with visual impairment had 35% and 25% higher risk for developing possible CIND and probable dementia, respectively, than those without visual impairment. Respondents with dual sensory impairment at baseline were 38% and 26% more likely to develop possible CIND and probable dementia, respectively, than those with no sensory impairment. Discussion: Self-assessed sensory impairment is independently associated with cognitive decline and incident possible CIND and probable dementia. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism underlying this association and to determine whether treatment of sensory impairment could ameliorate cognitive decline and delay the onset of dementia among older adults

The association amongst visual, hearing, and dual sensory loss with depression and anxiety over 6 years: The Tromso Study

Objective: To examine the longitudinal association of dual and single (vision and hearing) sensory loss on symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults. Methods: Two thousand eight hundred ninety adults aged 60 years or over who participated in the longitudinal population-based Tromso Study, Norway, were included. The impact of objective vision loss, self-report hearing loss, or dual sensory loss on symptoms of depression and anxiety, as assessed by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10, was examined at baseline and 6-year follow-up using linear mixed models. Results: Hearing loss had a cross-sectional relationship with increased depression (b = 0.1750, SE = 0.07, P = .02) and anxiety symptoms (b = 0.1765, SE = 0.08, P = .03); however, these relationships were not significant at the 6-year follow-up. Both vision loss only and dual sensory loss predicted increased depression scores at follow-up (b = 0.0220, SE = 0.01, P = .03; and b = 0.0413, SE = 0.02, P = .01, respectively). Adjustment for social isolation did not attenuate the main depression results. Conclusion: Dual sensory loss resulted in increased depression symptomatology over time and posed an additional long-term risk to depression severity beyond having a single sensory loss only. Only hearing loss is associated with anxiety symptoms. Older adults with vision, hearing, and dual sensory loss have different mental health profiles. Therefore, management and intervention should be tailored to the type of sensory loss

Bidirectional associations of vision and hearing loss with anxiety: prospective findings from the Three-City Study

Objective: the aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional association of vision loss (VL) and hearing loss (HL) with anxiety over a 12-year period. Design: this was a prospective population-based study. Setting: community-dwelling French adults. Participants: the study included 3,928 adults aged 65 and above from the Three-City study. Methods: the relationships of VL, as assessed by near visual acuity and self-reported HL to a diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) were assessed over 12 years. A further objective was to explore whether sensory loss has a differential relationship with GAD than with anxiety symptoms, assessed by the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: at baseline, HL [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.96, P = 0.04], but not mild or moderate to severe VL, was associated with self-reported anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.07 95% CI 0.63-1.83, P = 0.80; OR = 0.66 95% CI 0.12-2.22, P = 0.50, respectively). Neither vision nor HL was significantly associated with incident GAD. Baseline GAD was related to increased risk of incident HL (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.28,