A Genetic Study Of Feral Equids In The Western United States Through Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis And Isoelectric Focusing

An attempt was made to determine the degree of genetic uniqueness among feral horses in the western United States. Blood samples were collected from 86 feral horses in six separate herds in California, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. Plasma proteins were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Hemoglobin polymorphism was examined and compared by isoelectric focusing techniques. The incidence of polymorphism among the hemoglobin types did not differ significantly among four of the six populations, but did differ significantly among the Pryor (Montana) and Challis (Idaho) herds. Anatomical and behavioral differences are also evident among these horses

Book Reviews Social dimensions of autonomy in language learning

Book Review: Social dimensions of autonomy in language learning Editor: Garold Murray Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014 ISBN: 9781137290236 Pages: 292522472518Studies in Second Language Learning and Teachin

Understanding the Soil in which the Seed is Sown: how Catholic Confirmation Candidates and Catechists Perceive and Experience Spirituality

Spirituality is intrinsic to the Sacrament of Confirmation within the Roman Catholic Church. Enshrined within the rite of the Sacrament is the ‘gift of the Holy Spirit’ (Order of Confirmation, 2016). It has been referred to as ‘the … ‘sacrament of the Spirit’’ (Rahner, 1975, p.5 ff) and a Sacrament that celebrates ‘the Spirit of God’ (Mick, 2006, p.18). The Catholic Update Guide to Confirmation (ed. Kendzia, 2012, p.21) refers to the Sacrament as potentially leading to a ‘spiritual awakening’. Using hermeneutic phenomenology, this thesis explores the perceptions and experiences of spirituality of 10 school age candidates for Confirmation (aged 11+) from three parishes. Interviews were also conducted with catechists (or peer leaders), three older adults and two young people aged over 18 but below 30.The conclusions drawn are intended to develop understanding of how young people may perceive and experience spirituality, not to develop generalisations to be applied without further work. The thesis also highlights potential lessons for catechesis moving forwards and areas for further exploration relating to spirituality within the context of Catholic Confirmation courses. Within this thesis I argue that perceptions of spirituality of young Catholics preparing for Confirmation (the candidates) cannot be assumed. They may, for instance, be influenced by family activities and by those accompanying the young person on their journey through life. How the candidates perceive and experience spirituality may impact on how they interact with the Confirmation preparation programmes. These perceptions should be explored and understood in academic work and in the practical work of the catechists leading Confirmation programmes, through the lens of the young people participating in those programmes

Quantitative bedrock geology of Brazil

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 8 (2007): Q05014, doi:10.1029/2006GC001505.We quantitatively analyze the area-age distribution of sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic, and ultramafic bedrock on the basis of data from the digital geologic map of Brazil, published as a GIS map by the Brazilian Geological Survey. Bedrock units exclusively encompassing sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, or metamorphic rocks cover 40.4%, 31.5%, and 17.7%, respectively, of the total bedrock area. These numbers have to be considered minimum estimates of the areal abundance of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic bedrock because polygons defined by mixed lithologies cover ~8.5–9.5% of the total bedrock area. These mixed units are sedimentary rocks with igneous and/or metamorphic contributions (1.4%), metamorphic rocks with sedimentary contributions (1.2%), metamorphic rocks with igneous contributions (1.5%), igneous rocks with sedimentary and/or metamorphic contributions (4.4%), and ultramafic units with sedimentary, igneous, and/or metamorphic contributions (~1–2%). The average ages of major lithologic units, weighted according to bedrock area, are as follows: sedimentary rocks (average stratigraphic age of 248 ± 5 [1σ] Myr; median stratigraphic age of 87.5 Myr), igneous rocks (1153 ± 13 [1σ] Myr), metamorphic rocks (1678 ± 30 [1σ] Myr), and ultramafic rocks (~1227 ± 25 [1σ] Myr). The average bedrock age of Brazil is 946 ± 7 [1σ] Myr. The range in lithologic composition and age structure of the various bedrock units reflects the complex tectonic makeup of Brazil that ranges from Neogene sedimentary cover in the Amazon Basin to Precambrian cratons (Guyana and Brazilian shields) and Transamazonian greenstone belts. The average spatial resolution of the data is 232 km2 polygon−1 and is sufficient to perform area-age analyses of individual river drainage basins larger than ~5,000 km2.B.P.E. acknowledges financial support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR-0125873) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Principles of geology

687 p.; 25 cm

United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 281

From abstract: This report describes the comprising the western two-thirds of the Pearce quadrangle and the eastern two-thirds of the Benson quadrangle of the Geological Survey's Topographic Atlas of the United States and includes about 1,400 square miles in the west-central part of Cochise County, Arizona