Gaius Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman aristocrat, politician, and general who used his military success to gain political dominance during the closing years of the Roman Republic. His Gallic Wars represent one of the largest acquisitions of territory by a single Roman general and brought Caesar the wealth, prestige, and veteran army that allowed him to establish himself through force as dictator in Rome. Far‐reaching political and social reforms followed, until on the eve of leaving Rome for a campaign against the Parthians, Caesar was assassinated by a conspiracy of former enemies and allies

Gaius Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman aristocrat, politician, and general who used his military success to gain political dominance during the closing years of the Roman Republic. His Gallic Wars represent one of the largest acquisitions of territory by a single Roman general and brought Caesar the wealth, prestige, and veteran army that allowed him to establish himself through force as dictator in Rome. Far‐reaching political and social reforms followed, until on the eve of leaving Rome for a campaign against the Parthians, Caesar was assassinated by a conspiracy of former enemies and allies

Evaluation of student engagement with differential media for Flipped Classroom teaching

Flipped learning, where the teaching content is delivered prior to the contact session, is an effective pedagogy. Most commonly, video is used for flipped approaches, although many other media are also effective, such as written, audio or electronic resources. The ideal medium used for information delivery is likely to vary, depending on the needs and learning approaches of each individual learner. Is there, therefore, a medium which is ideal for most students, or would flipped learning best be delivered using a suite of multimedia sources for the core information? This project aims to investigate the preferences shown by undergraduate students for different media in a series of flipped pedagogic settings. The project also aims to investigate whether there are any correlations between media preferences and student personality types and study approaches. Initial findings suggest that students engage readily with flipped learning pedagogies, although it is rare for students to engage with teaching materials well in advance of the class session. Early findings suggests that students show a preference for video as a medium of delivery for taught content

Roman legions

The legion, consisting of around five thousand infantry and a small cavalry contingent, was the principal military unit of the Roman army. Traditionally, service in the legions required both Roman citizenship and property ownership, assessed through the five‐yearly census, though the latter qualification was gradually reduced to the point that it had become almost meaningless by the late second century BCE, and had been completely abolished before Augustus established the Roman army as a permanent, professional organization a century later. Though citizenship remained a requirement for legionary service throughout the remainder of Rome's history, until the general grant of citizenship to all free adult males under Caracalla in 212 CE, suitable recruits without the status, such as the illegitimate sons of serving soldiers, would be granted it on enlistment to maintain the ideal that only citizens served in the legions. Legions on campaign were usually accompanied by non‐citizen units drawn from states allied to Rome, which provided heavy and light infantry, cavalry, and missile troops, so that armies were flexible forces containing a variety of different troop types. Legions during the Roman Republic were raised for specific campaigns, often only a few months long, and disbanded at the completion of military operations, but with the establishment of an overseas empire, legions might be retained for longer periods of time, leading to increased periods of continuous service on the part of legionaries; Augustus finally established the individual legions on a permanent basis, so that some legions were in existence for several centuries. While the citizen legionary units are given considerably more emphasis in the surviving literary sources than the non‐citizen units, and a wealth of archaeological evidence illustrates legions of the imperial period, there is still much uncertainty about the organization of the legions

Roman legions

The legion, consisting of around five thousand infantry and a small cavalry contingent, was the principal military unit of the Roman army. Traditionally, service in the legions required both Roman citizenship and property ownership, assessed through the five‐yearly census, though the latter qualification was gradually reduced to the point that it had become almost meaningless by the late second century BCE, and had been completely abolished before Augustus established the Roman army as a permanent, professional organization a century later. Though citizenship remained a requirement for legionary service throughout the remainder of Rome's history, until the general grant of citizenship to all free adult males under Caracalla in 212 CE, suitable recruits without the status, such as the illegitimate sons of serving soldiers, would be granted it on enlistment to maintain the ideal that only citizens served in the legions. Legions on campaign were usually accompanied by non‐citizen units drawn from states allied to Rome, which provided heavy and light infantry, cavalry, and missile troops, so that armies were flexible forces containing a variety of different troop types. Legions during the Roman Republic were raised for specific campaigns, often only a few months long, and disbanded at the completion of military operations, but with the establishment of an overseas empire, legions might be retained for longer periods of time, leading to increased periods of continuous service on the part of legionaries; Augustus finally established the individual legions on a permanent basis, so that some legions were in existence for several centuries. While the citizen legionary units are given considerably more emphasis in the surviving literary sources than the non‐citizen units, and a wealth of archaeological evidence illustrates legions of the imperial period, there is still much uncertainty about the organization of the legions