Two seventeenth-century translations of two dark Roman satires: John Knyvett’s <i>Juvenal 1</i> and J.H.’s <i>In Eutropium 1</i>

This article consists of a transcription of the texts of two previously unprinted seventeenth-century verse translations, with accompanying editorial matter. John Knyvett's dates to 1639, at which time Knyvett, whose Juvenal was known to Sir Thomas Browne but has since disappeared from view, was an undergraduate at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. J.H.’s of 1664 is also a very early English version of his chosen author, and remains the only English attempt on In Eutropium in verse to this day. The two translations are not otherwise connected

Five unknown English translations of poems by George Buchanan, c. 1670

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De Rosis Nascentibus in English from the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century: a collection of translations

No abstract available

AIDS, poverty, and hunger: challenges and responses

"In a report written by international experts in agricultural economics, health, anthropology, and nutrition...the authors examine the impacts of HIV and AIDS on labor markets and wages, household income and consumption dynamics, and on the agricultural sector as a whole; analyze the ways in which households respond to prime-age illness, death, and food insecurity; and study the implications of such local responses for the roles of national and international actors in addressing the AIDS-hunger nexus." From TextHIV/AIDS, Labor market, income, agricultural sector, Food insecurity, households, Prime-age adult mortality, Hunger,

Strengthening capacity to improve nutrition

A major premise of this paper is that the failure—or limited achievements—of many large-scale nutrition programs is very often a function of insufficient sustainable capacities within communities and organizations responsible for implementing them. Following a brief review of the various rationales for an intensified focus on capacity and capacity development, the paper examines the linkages between nutrition programming and capacity development processes before proposing a new approach to assessing, analyzing, and developing capacity. The ensuing sections then focus in more detail on the ingredients and influences of capacity at the levels of the community, program management, supporting institutions, and the government. Finally, the implications of a more proactive focus on strengthening nutrition capacity for donor modes of operation and support priorities are discussed.Nutrition programs ,Capacity ,Sustainability ,

Rethinking food aid to fight AIDS

"HIV/AIDS is a slow-moving, devastating shock that kills the most productive members of society, increases household dependency ratios, reduces household productivity and caring capacity, and impairs the intergenerational transfer of knowledge. It is socially invisible, complicated by silence, denial, stigma, and discrimination. While it affects both rich and poor, it is the poor who are most severely impacted. Though it affects both sexes, it is not gender neutral. Though AIDS is far more than just another health problem, many development organizations have yet to undertake thorough analyses of its impact on what they do and how they do it. Even fewer have actually changed their policies and procedures to adjust to the new realities. In the era of AIDS, food and nutrition security is becoming even more of a priority for many households and communities. We know that food and nutrition are fundamentally intertwined with HIV transmission and the impacts of AIDS. Evidence of the ways in which food insecurity and malnutrition may increase susceptibility to HIV as well as vulnerability to AIDS impacts, and how HIV/AIDS in turn exacerbates these conditions is increasingly well documented. Food and nutrition security is fundamentally relevant to all four of the conventional pillars of HIV/AIDS response prevention, care, treatment, and mitigation and food aid can be an important addition to the arsenal. This paper, based on a detailed review of the relevant literature and the findings of a mission to eastern and southern Africa, highlights the implications of the HIV/AIDS pandemic for food aid strategy and programming. By viewing food aid programs through an "HIV/AIDS lens" and in the context of a livelihoods approach, the authors argue that organizations can design effective interventions that reduce both susceptibility to HIV and vulnerability to AIDS impacts. Though there is little empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of food aid in responding to HIV/AIDS, the authors argue this should not constrain action. Using past experience as a guide, organizations can learn by doing, documenting, and continuously reassessing their programs using the evolving HIV/AIDS lens. By doing so, they ensure maximal relevance and impact.." from Authors' AbstractHIV/AIDS Economic aspects ,HIV/AIDS Political aspects ,HIV/AIDS Social aspects ,Gender issues ,

Rethinking food aid to fight AIDS

"HIV/AIDS is a slow-moving, devastating shock that kills the most productive members of society, increases household dependency ratios, reduces household productivity and caring capacity, and impairs the intergenerational transfer of knowledge. It is socially invisible, complicated by silence, denial, stigma, and discrimination. While it affects both rich and poor, it is the poor who are most severely impacted. Though it affects both sexes, it is not gender neutral. Though AIDS is far more than just another health problem, many development organizations have yet to undertake thorough analyses of its impact on what they do and how they do it. Even fewer have actually changed their policies and procedures to adjust to the new realities. In the era of AIDS, food and nutrition security is becoming even more of a priority for many households and communities. We know that food and nutrition are fundamentally intertwined with HIV transmission and the impacts of AIDS. Evidence of the ways in which food insecurity and malnutrition may increase susceptibility to HIV as well as vulnerability to AIDS impacts, and how HIV/AIDS in turn exacerbates these conditions is increasingly well documented. Food and nutrition security is fundamentally relevant to all four of the conventional pillars of HIV/AIDS response prevention, care, treatment, and mitigation and food aid can be an important addition to the arsenal. This paper, based on a detailed review of the relevant literature and the findings of a mission to eastern and southern Africa, highlights the implications of the HIV/AIDS pandemic for food aid strategy and programming. By viewing food aid programs through an "HIV/AIDS lens" and in the context of a livelihoods approach, the authors argue that organizations can design effective interventions that reduce both susceptibility to HIV and vulnerability to AIDS impacts. Though there is little empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of food aid in responding to HIV/AIDS, the authors argue this should not constrain action. Using past experience as a guide, organizations can learn by doing, documenting, and continuously reassessing their programs using the evolving HIV/AIDS lens. By doing so, they ensure maximal relevance and impact.." from Authors' AbstractHIV/AIDS Economic aspects ,HIV/AIDS Political aspects ,HIV/AIDS Social aspects ,Gender issues ,

The life cycle of malnutrition: IFPRI 1999-2000 Annual Report Essay

This year some 30 million babies in the developing world—around 82,000 every day—will be born with impaired growth due to poor nutrition during fetal life. term. The authors examine each stage of the life cycle, from birth and infancy to childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. In developing countries the main direct causes of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are nutritional. IUGR infants are more likely to become stunted children. Data on the nutritional status of school-age children are increasingly being collected, as evidence mounts linking malnutrition or hunger with poor school attendance, performance, and learning. The economic livelihood of populations depends on the health and nutritional well-being of adults. Recent multicountry studies have shown significant malnutrition among older adults. Vicious circles—such as the life cycle of malnutrition—based as they are on mutually reinforcing processes, can be transformed into virtuous circles by more consistently and effectively applying our growing knowledge of what works, and where, in combating malnutrition. While preventing fetal and early childhood malnutrition deserves particular attention, the life cycle dynamics of cause and consequence demand a holistic, inclusive approach to malnutrition. Adequate nutrition is a human right for all people, and intervening at each point in the life cycle will accelerate and consolidate positive change.Malnutrition Prevention., Nutrition Research.,

HIV/AIDS and food crises

"To effectively address the interactions between HIV/AIDS and food insecurity, there's a need to fill knowledge gaps. strengthen capacity, and learn-by-doing in partnership with people who are directly affected." from TextPandemics ,HIV/AIDS Africa ,HIV/AIDS Social aspects ,

Rethinking food aid to fight AIDS

To fully realize the potential of food aid to reduce risk and to mitigate the impacts of HIV/AIDS, existing strategies and interventiuons need to be re-viewed using an HIV/AIDS lens.HIV/AIDS ,Human capital ,