402 research outputs found
Pulsed laser deposition of KNbO<sub>3</sub> thin films
The laser ablation of stationary KNbO3 single crystal targets induces a Nb enrichment of the target surface. In rotated targets this effect is observed only in those areas irradiated with low laser fluence. The composition of the plasma formed close to the target surface is congruent with the target composition; however, at further distances K-deficient films are formed due to the preferential backscattering of K in the plasma. This loss may be compensated for by using K-rich ceramic targets. Best results so far have been obtained with [K]/[Nb] = 2.85 target composition, and crystalline KNbO3 films are formed when heating the substrates to 650 °C. Films formed on (100)MgO single crystals are usually single phase and oriented with the (110) film plane parallel to the (100) substrate surface. (100)NbO may coexist with KNbO3 on (100)MgO. At substrate temperatures higher than 650 °C, niobium diffuses into MgO forming Mg4Nb2O9 and NbO, leading to K evaporation from the film. Films formed on (001) alpha-Al2O3 (sapphire) show the coexistence of (111), (110), and (001) orientations of KNbO3, and the presence of NbO2 is also observed. KNbO3 films deposited on (001)LiNbO3 crystallize with the (111) plane of the film parallel to the substrate surface. For the latter two substrates the Nb diffusion into the substrate is lower than in MgO and consequently the K concentration retained in the film is comparatively larger
Growth of laser host thin-film optical waveguides by pulsed laser deposition
Optical waveguides of laser gain media are highly desirable because the high intensity-length product and good pump-signal mode overlap, which can be achieved in the waveguide geometry, leads to a reduced threshold pump power as compared to bulk lasers. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has emerged as a viable means of depositing epitaxial thin films of the correct composition. We report here the deposition of GGG and YGG thin films on YAG substrates and the deposition of sapphire on sapphire substrates
Exergy analysis of vapor compression refrigeration system using R450A as a replacement of R134a
This paper experimentally investigated exergetic performance analysis of
vapor compression refrigeration system using R450a as a replacement for
R134a at different evaporator and condenser temperatures within controlled
environmental conditions. The exergetic performance analysis of the vapor
compression refrigeration system with test parameters including efficiency
defects in the components, total irreversibility, and exergy efficiency of the
refrigeration system was performed. Findings showed that the total
irreversibility and exergy efficiency of the vapor compression refrigeration
system using R450A refrigerant were lower and higher than R134a by about
15.25–27.32% and 10.07–130.93%, respectively. However, the efficiency defect
in the condenser, compressor, and evaporator of the R450A refrigeration
system was lower than R134a by about 16.99–26.08%, 5.03–20.11%, and 1.85–
15.85%, respectively. Conversely, efficiency defect in the capillary tube of the
R450A refrigeration system was higher than R134a by about 14.66–78.97%
under similar operating conditions. Overall, it was found that the most efficient
component was the evaporator, and the least efficient component was the
compressor for both refrigerants
Component-wise exergy analysis using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system in vapor compression refrigeration system
In this work, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference (ANFIS) system as an artificial
intelligence method was used to predict the destruction of exergy in
components (compressor, condenser, capillary tube and evaporator) of a
vapor compression refrigeration system using a mixture of R134a and LPG
refrigerant (consisting of R134a and LPG in a ratio of 28:72 by mass fraction).
For this purpose, ANFIS models were developed to predict the destruction of
exergy in each component using some experimental data recently published
in author previous publication, and the remaining data were used to validate
the developed models. It was found that the predictions of ANFIS models are
in good agreement with the experimental results and give an absolute fraction
of variance in range of 0.996–0.999, a root mean square error in range of
0.0296–0.1726 W and mean absolute percentage error in range of 0.108–
0.176%, respectively. The results suggest that the ANFIS models can predict
the destruction of exergy in the components of refrigeration system quickly
and with high accuracy
Crossover from 2-dimensional to 1-dimensional collective pinning in NbSe3
We have fabricated NbSe structures with widths comparable to the
Fukuyama-Lee-Rice phase-coherence length. For samples already in the
2-dimensional pinning limit, we observe a crossover from 2-dimensional to
1-dimensional collective pinning when the crystal width is less than 1.6
m, corresponding to the phase-coherence length in this direction. Our
results show that surface pinning is negligible in our samples, and provide a
means to probe the dynamics of single domains giving access to a new regime in
charge-density wave physics.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, and 1 table. Accepted for publication in Physical
Review
Laser operation of an Nd:Gd<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> thin-film optical waveguide fabricated by pulsed laser deposition
We report the laser operation of a thin-film waveguide structure grown by the pulsed laser deposition technique. A 2.7-µm-thick crystalline film of neodymium doped Gd3Ga5O12 (Nd:GGG) lases at a wavelength centered at 1.06µm when pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser at 808 nm
Synthesis of biomedical Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA alloy by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering
In this research approach, a β-phase titanium alloy was produced successfully
employing mechanical alloying and consolidated with spark plasma sintering (SPS)
process. Herein, Ni, Si and HA powders with varied weight percentage were used to
fabricate the Ti alloy. The influence of HA addition on microstructure of the alloy
was assessed using optical microscopy route and further amplified using field
emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The elemental composition and
phase of Ti-alloy was investigated using x-ray diffractometer. Vicker hardness (HV)
tester was employed to estimate the micro hardness of the specimen surface. During
the FESEM analysis, it was observed that within the sintering process, alloy exhibits
complex reactions with HA, which leads to the progress of bioactive compounds
(CaO, TiO2, Ca3 (PO4)2, Ti2Ni, CaTiO3 and CaTiSiO5) enhancing the bioactivity of
the Ti alloy. The fabricated Ti alloy (Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA) exhibited superior
microhardness (~458HV) at 900°C, comparative to the other alloys of the native
category. Based upon the current investigation, Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA alloy could find
applications as bioimplants in dental and orthopedic areas
Synthesis of biomedical Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA alloy by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering
In this research approach, a β-phase titanium alloy was produced successfully
employing mechanical alloying and consolidated with spark plasma sintering (SPS)
process. Herein, Ni, Si and HA powders with varied weight percentage were used to
fabricate the Ti alloy. The influence of HA addition on microstructure of the alloy
was assessed using optical microscopy route and further amplified using field
emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The elemental composition and
phase of Ti-alloy was investigated using x-ray diffractometer. Vicker hardness (HV)
tester was employed to estimate the micro hardness of the specimen surface. During
the FESEM analysis, it was observed that within the sintering process, alloy exhibits
complex reactions with HA, which leads to the progress of bioactive compounds
(CaO, TiO2, Ca3 (PO4)2, Ti2Ni, CaTiO3 and CaTiSiO5) enhancing the bioactivity of
the Ti alloy. The fabricated Ti alloy (Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA) exhibited superior
microhardness (~458HV) at 900°C, comparative to the other alloys of the native
category. Based upon the current investigation, Ti-25Ni-15Si-10HA alloy could find
applications as bioimplants in dental and orthopedic areas
Performance of an Iso-Butane Driven Domestic refrigerator infused with various concentrations of Graphene based Nanolubricants
0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/L) of graphene based nanolubricants and selected mass charges (40, 50, 60 and 70g) of R600a
refrigerant was studied. The steady state energetic performance of the domestic refrigerator was evaluated with test
parameters including cabinet temperature, compressor power consumption, power per ton of refrigeration (PPTR)
and coefficient of performance (COP). Findings showed that the lowest compressor power consumption and cabinet
temperature observed within the system were 65 W and -12oC when infused with either 40g and 0 g/L or 60g and
0.2 g/L nanofluid mixtures. In addition, the utilization of 60 g and 0.2 g/L mixtures gave the highest PPTR value of
5.22 while the maximum COP value of 0.76 was seen with 70 g and 0 g/L respectively. In conclusion, the application of graphene based nanolubricants within the system significantly improved the performance
Experimental Performance of a Domestic Refrigerator with TiO2-Nanoparticles Operating Within Selected Ambient Temperature
This study presents a 40g R600a charge enhanced with various TiO2 nano-lubricant
concentrations (0 g/L and 0.2 g/L nano-lubricants) infused into an R12 domestic
refrigerator tested within selected ambient temperature conditions (19, 22 and 25
ºC). The performance test parameters including: energy consumption, discharge
pressure, power per tonne of refrigeration (PPTR) and coefficient of performance
(COP) were evaluated for the system. The results showed that infusing the nanolubricant
into the system improved the energetic performance of the system.
Overall, the use of 40g at 25ºC gave the best performance within the system. In
conclusion, application of nanoparticles in refrigeration systems was found to
improve the performances of the system even with the effect of ambient
temperature. R600a-TiO2 nano-lubricant mixture works safely and efficiently in the
domestic refrigerators but requires adequate optimization
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