Análisis del Ciclo de Vida de un sistema de depuración en la isla de Gran Canaria como apoyo a las estrategias de mitigación del cambio climático

En este Trabajo Fin de Máster se lleva a cabo el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida de un sistema de depuración de aguas residuales domésticas situado en la isla de Gran Canaria como apoyo a las estrategias de mitigación del cambio climático. Para ello, se desarrollan las partes que componen el ACV: objetivo, alcance, análisis de inventario, evaluación de impacto e interpretación de resultados. El estudio se divide en dos etapas, la fase de construcción y la fase de explotación y mantenimiento, contemplando en cada una de estas etapas los procesos de transporte. Para ello, se utiliza la herramienta informática SimaPro, con la base de datos Ecoinvent. Según los resultados obtenidos se observa como la fase constructiva contribuye de mayor manera a la generación de impacto frente a la fase de operación y mantenimiento. Así mismo, cabe destacar que la categoría de impacto más relevante en las dos fases es "climate change", asociada a los kg de dióxido de carbono equivalente emitido en las fases. <br /

Enfermedad renal oculta en pacientes con rasgo drepanocítico

Sickle cell trait is usually seen as a benign condition but has been shown to cause different pathological consequences. Within these associations, one of the most important is the increased risk of chronic kidney disease in these individuals. This study aims to determine the prevalence of occult renal disease identified in people with the condition. The study was conducted in the population of the community of Ciriboya, Colón, Honduras in January 2015. With a sample of 20 people, over 18 years, which were identified with sickle cell trait in a previous research. Validated screening tool for Occult Renal Disease (SCORED) was applied in each participant, hemoglobin levels, glucose, blood pressure and proteinuria were determined, also medical history and risk factors were recorded. Data were entered and processed in the software Epi info 7. The sample included 13 women (65%) and 7 men (35%) in the age range between 19 and 83 years with an SD of 18.4, in which the prevalence of increased risk for kidney disease was found in 45 % of the study subjects. To give a special attention to people with sickle cell trait, since it is no longer considered a harmless condition, under the circumstances of the increase in pathological complications it can cause. Tracking those identified with an increased risk of kidney disease is recommended.El rasgo drepanocítico es casi siempre visto como una condición benigna pero se ha demostrado que puede causar diferentes consecuencias patológicas. Dentro de esta asociación, una de las más importantes, es el riesgo aumentado de enfermedad renal crónica en estos individuos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de enfermedad renal oculta en personas identificados con rasgo drepanocítico. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en una muestra de la población de la comunidad de Ciriboya, del departamento de Colón, Honduras en enero del año 2015. Participaron 20 personas, mayores de 18 años, las cuales fueron identificadas con rasgo drepanocítico en una investigación previa. Para calcular el riesgo se utilizó la herramienta validada de tamizaje para Enfermedad Renal Oculta (SCORED), se determinaron los niveles de hemoglobina, glucosa en ayunas, tensión arterial y proteinuria, así mismo se registraron antecedentes patológicos y factores de riesgo de cada persona. Los datos fueron ingresados y procesados en el programa Epi info 7 y el nivel de riesgo para enfermedad renal fue calculado mediante los puntajes que este instrumento establece. La muestra estudiada fue de 13 mujeres (65%) y 7 hombres (35%) en un rango de edad entre 19 y 83 años con una SD de 18.4, se encontró una prevalencia de riesgo aumentado de enfermedad renal en el 45% de los sujetos de estudio. Las personas con rasgo drepanocítico deben de recibir un seguimiento clínico especial considerando el riesgo aumentado de padecimiento de enfermedad renal en la población estudiada

Depuranat project: sustainable management of wastewater in rural areas

The Urban Wastewater Directive is aiming to implement adequate treatments of collected wastewater before 31 December 2005 in small communities with a population until 2000 equivalentinhabitant. Within the framework of the DEPURANAT project, co-financed by the European Interregional Cooperation Programme (Interreg IIIB Atlantic Arc), several Natural Reclamation Systems (NRS) based upon no-conventional technologies of wastewater treatment, have been studied from different points of view in rural areas: their effectiveness for producing regenerated wastewater of acceptable quality for several reuse options and vegetal biomass for different purposes, their environmental integration or their potential of implementation. Most of these treatment plants achieved high mean removal efficiencies: TSS (73–96%); BOD5 (74–94%); COD (53–90%); E. coli (2–3 log units); Enterococci (1.5–4 log units). The environmental impact of the systems was determined using an adapted life cycle assessment methodology and the economic analysis of the systems was focused on analysing the financial indicators, empirical cost functions, and the potential market for these technologies. Furthermore, maps of potential implementation of these systems and a support tool for deciding upon the installation of conventional or NRS were designed with the aim of promoting them.Communitary Interreg III-B Atlantic Area of EuropeDEPURANAT consortiu

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Decision Strategy Tool for the Design of Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) from Isolated Livestock Farms

This work proposes a series of strategies and tools for the design and characterization of natural treatment systems of wastewater (NTSW) applied in livestock farms, considering the parameters of flow rate (Q), conductivity (EC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the waste generated, farm location, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and removal/reduction rate targets. The high organic load of the effluent generated in these farms has an important environmental impact, which is amplified in insular or isolated territories. The application of such treatment systems has demonstrated their suitability in these environments, but their design lacks proper characterization and sizing tools for their adequate operation. The proposed tools in this work are based on a collection of experimental data over a ten-year period of application of NTSW in real farms. This work contributes to facilitate the design and implementation of NTSW in farms located in isolated, island, or similar-size environments. Finally, as a practical application, an inventory and implementation of the tool developed for livestock farms on the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) is carried out

Rapid and accurate HPLC-DAD method for the determination of the herbicide bispyribac-sodium in surface water, and its validation

A new method is described for the determination of the herbicide bispyribac-sodium in surface water, especially from river and irrigated rice water samples. The method involves extraction in solid phase and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). After optimization of the extraction and separation parameters, the method was validated. The method presented average recoveries of 101.3 and 97.7%, under repeatability and intermediate precision conditions, respectively, with adequate precision (RSD from 0.9 to 7.5%). The method was applied for the determination of bispyribac-sodium in surface water samples with a limit of detection of 0.1 μg L-1

Evaluación de los sistemas de depuración natural

La fase de experimentación de los diferentes proyectos pilotos de depuración natural, su evaluación y seguimiento, ha constituido uno de los pilares fundamentales del Proyecto DEPURANAT. Los socios responsables de los proyectos piloto incluidos en dicha fase de Experimentación y Demostración establecieron, de forma común, un protocolo único de seguimiento, tanto analítico como de supervisión de la operación de los mismos. Esta programación uniforme se planteó como via de homologación de resultados obtenidos en laboratorios de diferente procedencia y ubicación geográfica, que ayudasen a establecer comparativas fiables de los diferentes diseños tecnológicos desarrollados en cada lugar. De esta manera, se procuraba minimizar el factor de incertidumbre que existe a la hora de comparar formas de operación, diseños, o el empleo de metodologías diferentes. Todos los sistemas estaban sometidos, por su propia definición, a un gran número de variables dadas por su ubicación, lo que provocaba que la definición de criterios normalizados fuera imprescindible. El mencionado protocolo está conformado por herramientas de definición de los métodos analíticos empleados, de la periodicidad de los muestreos y de la metodología de la toma de muestras, transporte y almacenamiento de las muestras, así como, de los parámetros a supervisar en cada visita a un SDN. El presente capitulo recopila dicho protocolo de seguimiento y la evaluación obtenida de los rendimientos de depuración por cada sistema. Por último, enumera los niveles de cumplimiento de las normativas de depuración y reutilización de aguas residuales alcanzados en cada caso.Programa Interreg IIIB - Espaço Atlântic