Déjouer l’impasse du lien et de la parole : D’autres repères pour l’aide en itinérance

L’intervention auprès des jeunes adultes itinérants est empreinte de difficultés et de paradoxes qui se dévoilent tant dans l’établissement d’une relation d’aide que dans celui d’une communication à la fois désirée et évitée. L’analyse qualitative en profondeur d’entretiens de recherche menés auprès de ces jeunes et des aidants qui les côtoient a permis de cerner trois points d’ancrage de l’aide proposée à ces jeunes, qui permettent de contourner les obstacles associés au lien et à la parole. La discussion ainsi amorcée autour des concepts de position des acteurs, de cadre d’intervention et de mouvement de la relation d’aide suggère un nouveau regard sur les processus qui dynamisent l’intervention menée auprès de ces jeunes adultes.Intervention in the field of homelessness is fraught with challenges that stem noticeably from the paradoxical nature of the wish for and simultaneous avoidance of ties and communication. Through a qualitative research design using in-depth interviews with both parties, three anchoring dimensions of intervention among young homeless adults are explored in terms of their potential for avoiding such pitfalls

Influence of bioturbation by the polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the structure of bacterial communities in oil contaminated coastal sediments

Patterns of change in the structure of bacterial communities monitored by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) in oil contaminated sediments inhabited or not by the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor were studied during 45 days under laboratory conditions. Results supported by principal component analysis showed a marked response of the bacterial communities to the oil contamination and to the presence of N. diversicolor. Phylogenetic affiliation of specific RISA bands showed that, in the contaminated sediments, the presence of the marine polychaetes favoured the development of bacteria which may play an active role in natural bioremediation processes of oil polluted environments

Mokk Pooj: gender, interpretive labour and sexual imaginary in Senegal’s art/work of seduction

This thesis examines the evolving gender relationships exposed by and contested through the Senegalese art of seduction, mokk pooj. The Wolof expression encompasses a set of feminine attitudes and actions (culinary prowess, docility, eroticism) that reflect values such as teraanga (hospitality), sutura (discretion), and muñ (patience, endurance). These beliefs and the discursive practices that perpetuate them are central to the reproduction of a gendered, normative, patriarchal, polygamous Senegalese sexual imaginary, but are framed within the playful and pleasurable realm of seduction and sexuality. Indeed, mokk pooj implies a satisfying sexual life based on a religiously-­‐informed sexual ethics: in a country where 95% of people identify as Muslim, marriage and procreation are divine recommendations, and sexual pleasure is said to make a married couple feel closer to Allah. In consequence, objects and strategies that enhance sexual satisfaction are an integral part of the Senegalese seduction toolkit. Each chapter pays attention to a specific element of the material culture of seduction and explores how it exposes larger gender dynamics. By taking potions and amulets, money, aphrodisiacs, food, and lingerie as the starting point of each chapter, I explore how these objects relate to concepts of social conformity and normativity, love, anxiety, complementarity and agency. In doing so, I analyse the gendered labour – the art/work of seduction – that goes into mokk pooj. David Graeber (2012) suggests that within hierarchical relationships, individuals in an inferior position (women) have to constantly imagine, understand, manage and care about the egos, perspectives and points of view of those on the top (men) while the latter rarely reciprocate. While Graeber contends that this ‘interpretive labor’ or ‘imaginative identification’ reproduces an internalised structural violence, I analyse mokk pooj as an affective economy in which women’s emotional, interpretive labour, becomes an agentive, albeit conservative, tool of negotiation and power (Mahmood 2005). In imagining and interpreting men’s needs and desires, Senegalese women uphold the Senegalese sexual imaginary that portray them as docile and submissive. However, it is through the apparent conformity and subdued demeanour that mokk pooj requires of them that Senegalese women manage to portray themselves as good women and consequently enhance their agentive power of negotiation

Quantitative MRI in patients with gluteal tendinopathy and asymptomatic volunteers : initial results on T1- and T2*-mapping diagnostic accuracy and correlation with clinical assessment

Dans le cadre du programme SharedIt de Springer Nature, une version de l'article est accessible gratuitement, en lecture seule, à cette adresse : https://rdcu.be/cjHMSObjective To determine if T1- and T2*-mapping of the gluteal tendons can discriminate between participants with and without clinical findings of gluteal tendinopathy (GT) and if they correlate with clinical assessment. Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted between January and December 2016. MRI of the hip included spin echo, short-T1 inversion recovery, variable-flip angle, and variable echo-time gradient echo sequences. MRI studies were reviewed independently by two radiologists. Two other readers segmented the gluteal tendons and T1, mono- (T2*m) and biexponential T2* (short (T2*s) and long (T2*l) components) were computed. Results Ten participants with GT (median age; interquartile range: 63 (57–67) years, all women) and 9 participants without GT (57 (55–59) years, 8 women) (P = 0.06) were enrolled. The sensitivity and specificity of reader 1 for disease classification were 40% (95% confidence interval (CI): 17–61%) and 70% (CI: 47–91%), and those of reader 2 were 70% (CI: 43–86%) and 80% (CI: 53–96%), with fair inter-reader agreement (Kappa = .38). T1 values could not discriminate between the two groups. The gluteal tendons T2*m and T2*s showed diagnostic accuracy ranging from .80 to .89. The posterior gluteus medius tendon T2*m and T2*s respectively showed sensitivity and specificity of 90%, and strong correlation (Spearman’s rho = −.71; P = 0.02) with the Lower Extremity Functional Scale score. Conclusion Quantitative MRI could help gain new insight into healthy and diseased gluteal tendons to allow better diagnosis and treatment stratification for patients

Non-persistent exposures from plasticizers or plastic constituents in remote Arctic communities : a case for further research

BACKGROUND: Persistent organic pollutant exposures are well-documented in the Arctic, but fewer studies examined non-persistent chemicals, despite increased market food and consumer product consumption. OBJECTIVE: To measure phenol, paraben, phthalate, and alternative plasticizer concentrations in Inuit adults. METHODS: The study included 30 pooled urine samples from Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey (Q2017) participants. Creatinine-adjusted geometric mean concentrations (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared across sex, age, and regions, and compared to those in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the First Nations Biomonitoring Initiative (FNBI). RESULTS: Q2017 bisphenol-A concentrations were double the CHMS 2018–2019 concentrations [GM (95% CI): 1.98 (1.69–2.31) versus 0.71 (0.60–0.84) µg/g creatinine], but in line with FNBI [1.74 (1.41–2.13) µg/g creatinine]. Several phthalate concentrations were higher in Q2017 versus CHMS, particularly monobenzyl phthalate, which was was 19-fold higher in Q2017 versus CHMS 2018–2019 [45.26 (39.35–52.06) versus 2.4 (2.0–2.9) µg/g creatinine] and four-fold higher than FNBI. There were also four-fold higher concentrations of the two alternate plasticizer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TIXB) metabolites in Q2017 compared to CHMS 2018–2019. Women and people living in Ungava Bay had generally higher concentrations of non-persistent chemicals. SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest higher concentrations of certain non-persistent chemicals in Inuit versus the general Canadian population. IMPACT: Few studies have explored non-persistent chemical distributions in Northern communities, despite the increasing consumer product and market food consumption. We analyzed 30 pooled samples from the Qanuilirpitaa? Nunavik Inuit Health Survey 2017 to assess exposures to common plasticizes and plastic constituents and compare their levels with the general Canadian population and First Nation groups. We observed particularly higher levels of bisphenol-A, of monobenzyl phthalate, and of two 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) metabolites among Nunavimmiut compared to the general Canadian population, notably among women and Ungava Bay residents. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings and identify potential adverse health effects from these exposures