Study of the self noise generated by supercavitating vehicles

This study investigates the self noise from a ventilated supercavitating vehicle. A ventilated supercavity is a gaseous envelope surrounding an underwater vehicle that significantly reduces the drag felt by the vehicle. But the hydrodynamic noise generated by the creation of the supercavity could impact the successful deployment of the vehicle. A principal source of self noise for these types of vehicles is sound created by the ventilating gas jets impinging on the air-water interface. Analytical models of the radiated sound through the interface have been developed. Sometimes jets impinging on the interface entrain bubbles beneath the surface. This thesis outlines a theory to predict the influence of bubbles near the interface. Experimental measurements were made at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) in Newport, RI to test the accuracy of the model. These measurements include the unsteady force spectrum of a gas jet impinging on a rigid wall. The acoustic pressure spectrum of a gas jet striking the air-water interface was also recorded. The experimental results were compared to theoretical models for validation

In Defense of Public Defenders: \u3cem\u3ePolk County v. Dodson\u3c/em\u3e

In Polk County v. Dodson, the United States Supreme Court held that a public defender does not act under color of state law when performing a lawyer\u27s \u27traditional functions\u27 as counsel to a defendant in a criminal proceeding. The Court formulated a functions test to distinguish cases holding that public defenders act under color of state law when performing administrative tasks or when engaging in nontraditional or criminal acts. The author questions the Court\u27s marked curtailment of indigents\u27 access to federal courts when alleging ineffective representation by public defenders under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Moreover, the author concludes that the Court created these artificial distinctions and found no state action primarily to decrease the number of civil rights actions against public defenders

In Defense of Public Defenders: \u3cem\u3ePolk County v. Dodson\u3c/em\u3e

In Polk County v. Dodson, the United States Supreme Court held that a public defender does not act under color of state law when performing a lawyer\u27s \u27traditional functions\u27 as counsel to a defendant in a criminal proceeding. The Court formulated a functions test to distinguish cases holding that public defenders act under color of state law when performing administrative tasks or when engaging in nontraditional or criminal acts. The author questions the Court\u27s marked curtailment of indigents\u27 access to federal courts when alleging ineffective representation by public defenders under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Moreover, the author concludes that the Court created these artificial distinctions and found no state action primarily to decrease the number of civil rights actions against public defenders