Goya en el hipertexto: multirrelato y motivaciones artísticas

In a present so much marked by the media and formats convergence, by open data, and by a navigation through links and an infinity of contents, it is pertinent to deepen in how the most traditional cultural field –in this case, painting- is adapted to the current technologies. Goya has not lost validity, and like the rest of culture, he lives not just by the painting, the books and other analogic formats; he is a habitant from the virtual world which is increasingly more real.In the first place, this paper approaches some principles of the hypertextual narrative applied to Francisco de Goya y Lucientes though the construction of a narration which is able to be broken in blocks linked to external (web) and internal texts, providing thousands of narrative possibilities to access to the Goya’s world and paintings, and developing a multinarration. In the second place, starting from the multinarration, we make the classification of a sample made by 14 paintings from Goya, in this categories: Painting for professional activity, Painting as historical testimony, Painting for pleasure, and Painture by need. The results show the combination of the traditional artistic commentary with the hypertextual narration construction, offering a research line pertinent and consecuent with the digital world.En una actualidad marcada por la convergencia de medios y formatos, de datos abiertos y de navegación a través de enlaces e infinidad de contenidos, es pertinente profundizar en cómo el ámbito cultural más tradicional –en este caso la pintura- se adapta a las cotidianidades tecnológicas. Goya no ha perdido vigencia, y como el resto de la cultura, vive ya no solo en la pintura, libros y demás formatos analógicos; es un habitante del mundo virtual que cada vez nos es más real.En primer lugar, este trabajo aborda varios principios de la narrativa hipertextual aplicados a la figura de Francisco de Goya y Lucientes mediante la construcción de un relato capaz de desglosarse en bloques conectados a textos externos (web) e internos, proporcionando miles de posibilidades narrativas para acceder al mundo y la obra de Goya, y generando un multirrelato. En segundo lugar, partiendo del multirrelato, se realiza una clasificación de una muestra de 14 obras de Goya con las siguientes categorías: Pintura por actividad profesional, Pintura como testimonio histórico, Pintura por placer, y Pintura por necesidad. Los resultados muestran la combinación del comentario artístico tradicional con la construcción del relato hipertextual, ofreciendo una línea de investigación pertinente y consecuente con el mundo digital

Digital journalism and empowerment. Informational trends in Google news during 2017

Este trabajo aborda el periodismo digital obedeciendo a dos frentes: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la actualidad del periodismo digital y su relación con el empoderamiento ciudadano, para luego realizar un estudio exploratorio sobre noticias de Google (en español) para extraer las tendencias temáticas referentes al empoderamiento y las TIC a lo largo del año 2017. La muestra de análisis se compuso de 332 noticias, divididas, principalmente, entre noticias de España y de Latinoamérica. Los resultados muestran cierta prevalencia entre las noticias que no muestran el nombre de su autor o autora sobre las que sí lo indican, así como un ligero predominio de las noticias que no incluyen enlaces sobre aquellas que sí lo tienen. Las tendencias con mayor presencia a lo largo de la muestra son Desarrollo, Internet, Política y gobernanza, Seguridad, Puestos de trabajo, Género y Educación.This paper’s main objective is to examine digital journalism in two steps. Firstly, a literature review was conducted on present-day digital journalism. In addition, its relationship with citizen empowerment was analysed. Secondly, an exploratory study was performed on Google news (in Spanish) to ascertain the topic trends around empowerment and ICTs during 2017. The survey sample comprised 332 news items, divided mainly between Spain and Latin America. The results reveal a predominance of news items where the author’s name is not indicated over those which do. Furthermore, there exists a slight prevalence of news items which do not show links over those which do. The main trends shown by the sample were Development, Internet, Politics and governance, Security, Job positions, Gender and Education.Artículo incluido en el Proyecto ENECORES (Estrategias Narrativas del Empoderamiento Ciudadano a través del Open Data y las Redes Sociales), cofinanciado en un 91,87% por el Fondo Social Europeo dentro del Programa Operativo de Empleo Juvenil 2014-2020), y de la Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil (YEI). Referencia PEJD-2016/SOC-3063

El antihéroe cinematográfico como un modelo ético a través de las virtudes aristotélicas en Taxi Driver

En este artículo se propone un retrato del antihéroe cinematográfico a partir de Travis Bickle, protagonista de Taxi driver (Scorsese,1976), con el fin de determinar la ética del antihéroe cinematográfico. Para ello se indaga en una selección de acontecimientos y/o acciones clave del protagonista de la película desde el punto de vista de la ética aristotélica, concretamente, atendiendo a las virtudes que el autor describe en Ética a Nicómaco (Aristóteles, 2014). Los resultados indican que, en efecto, el antihéroe cinematográfico aquí estudiado no obedece a las virtudes aristotélicas, aunque su existencia es ética en cuanto a que se erige como ejemplo de vida para el espectador, pues la ausencia de virtudes corrobora la necesidad de las mismas

‘Youtubers’, mundos éticos posibles

This paper realyzes an inmersión into the youtubers world, relating it with the ethical needs of this digital context. After a bibliographic revision around the concepts of study, it develops an experiment with the aim of deeping in the field of creativity and the ethics within the most popular video made by four Spanish youtubers: ElRubius, Gym virtual, Dulceida y Verdeliss. Metodology consists in the analysis of each video from several parameters of the creativity, to then, through using Socratic maieutics, to formulate a battery of questions which are connected, as answers, to ethical axioms, later organized as a list in some categories. As a result, it shows the viability of this process for extracting ethical axioms susceptible to be used by users and youtubers. The most numerous axioms’ category of the study is “Social responsibility”, alludind therefore to the importance that this influencers have over their environment and, hence, to the importance of the ethics in their work.Este trabajo realiza una inmersión en el mundo youtuber, relacionándolo con las necesidades éticas de este contexto digital. Tras una revisión bibliográfica de los conceptos objeto de estudio, se lleva a cabo un experimento con el fin de profundizar en el ámbito de la creatividad y la ética mediante el vídeo más popular de cuatro youtubers españoles: “ElRubius”, “Gym virtual”, “Dulceida” y “Verdeliss”. La metodología consiste en el análisis de cada vídeo desde diversos parámetros de la creatividad, para luego, mediante la mayéutica socrática, formular una batería de preguntas que conectan, a modo de respuesta, con una serie de axiomas éticos, organizados a modo de lista en varias categorías. Como resultado, se observa la viabilidad de este proceso para la extracción de axiomas éticos susceptibles de ser aprovechados por usuarios y youtubers, siendo la categoría de axiomas éticos más numerosa del estudio la de “Responsabilidad social”, aludiendo así a la importancia que estos influencers tienen en su entorno, y por consiguiente, a la importancia de la ética en su labor

¡Es la preservación digital, estúpido!

Reflexiones sobre la problemática actual y el futuro de la preservación de la información y los documentos electrónicos −digitales y digitalizados− que se conservan en los archivos administrativos e históricos y en otras instituciones que gestionan o conservan documentación. El trabajo hace especial referencia al modelo Open Archival Information System (OAIS) de la norma ISO 14721 como parte de un sistema de preservación institucional.Some thoughts about the current problems and future of preservation of digital and digitized records and documents kept in the administrative and historical archives and in other institutions that manage or preserve documentation. The work makes special reference to the Open Archival Information System model (OAIS) of the ISO 14721 standard as part of an institutional preservation system

Pesticide dose based on canopy characteristics in apple trees: Reducing environmental risk by reducing the amount of pesticide while maintaining pest and disease control efficacy

Although many different designed air-assisted sprayers can be used for pesticide application in apple orchards, the lack of adequate adjustments according to specific crop characteristics leads to application inefficiencies and failures. To evaluate the spray coverage and biological efficacy of different application techniques combined with an alternative dosage adjustment based on tree row volume (TRV), field tests with five different techniques were carried out at three crop stages on a commercial apple orchard. The results showed that conventional mist-blower with a high application volume (800 L ha-1) exhibited an excessive coverage with a high risk of contamination at the early crop stage (BBCH19), whereas other treatments using different application techniques, with a reduced volume rate and pesticide dose of 75%, were equivalent with good uniformity, revealing the great importance of suitable adjustment for the sprayers. For the middle and late stages (BBCH64 and 75), the orchard sprayer equipped with vertical booms provided the maximum coverage, and the pneumatic sprayer achieved significantly higher impacts density, which revealed their advantages and high efficiency for dense apple trees. The newly developed multi-fan sprayer and pneumatic sprayer achieved consistent coverage during the entire crop stage, independent of the changes in canopy structure (TRV). This indicates that a suitable setting and adjustment of the sprayer can contribute to a consistent spray quality. In general, benefiting from these new spraying technologies, an average reduction of 60.7% in pesticide dose and volume rate were achieved within the entire season, maintaining the same threshold of pest and disease control as that of the higher reference dose normally applied. These results demonstrate the importance of an alternative dose adjustment method to meet the requirements of the Farm to Fork strategy.Postprint (author's final draft

Neuromarketing and e-commerce: analysis of over the top platform homepages.

This paper focuses on the sector of over the top (OTT) platforms, whose market figures are becoming increasingly remarkable in terms of global trade, in the context of the online entertainment business. Firstly, these platforms are presented as an e-commerce model based on entertainment which focuses on attracting and maintaining subscribers. Secondly, a connection is established between e-commerce and neuromarketing and communication media in order to subsequently analyse, from the neuromarketing perspective, several successful streaming portals with a marked international character: Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, HBO Max, and Disney +. The object of study is limited to the homepages of the platforms' websites. Using an analysis matrix adapted for this case based on the work by several expert authors in the field, this paper shows how each platform states its value proposition to the consumer.pre-print426 K

Assessment of map based variable rate strategies for copper reduction in hedge vineyards

Reduction of Plant Protection Products (PPP) has become a priority in agriculture, led by European directives and regulations due to the negative impacts and social awareness that pesticides have raised in the population. In viticulture, the use of copper to control Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is posing severe problems of soil, water and environment contamination, and European Commission is regulating its use through the EU regulation 2018/1981. A targeted spraying management can be done benefiting from the novel development of variable rate application (VRA) technology for orchard sprayers, resulting in savings of PPP. In this research, the quality of the application in terms of copper deposit in leaves of two VRA strategies where compared versus the conventional strategy performed by the farmer (REF).This research was developed with funding from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food within the project GOPHYTOVID [contract 2018002001192], and partial funding from the FI-AGAUR grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 FI_B 00893).Postprint (published version

Evaluation of quality in higher education: content validity

El cambio de perspectiva sobre la educación superior en España ha posibilitado el desarrollo de nuevos marcos jurídicos que dan mayor autonomía a las universidades. Al mismo tiempo los gobiernos, tanto nacional como autonómicos, necesitan recabar información sobre cómo se gestiona dicha autonomía. Esta situación ha impulsado la necesidad de definir el constructo de calidad en la universidad y de generar procedimientos adecuados para su evaluación. El objetivo de este trabajo es por una parte, justificar cómo los sistemas de indicadores suponen una posible solución a esta problemática, y por otra analizar empíricamente la validez de contenido de un conjunto de indicadores seleccionados a partir de una revisión bibliográfica. El proceso seguido en el estudio empírico fue el siguiente: se seleccionaron indicadores que hacen referencia a distintos aspectos relacionados con la educación superior (enseñanza, investigación y gestión); se consultó a un grupo de expertos sobre la adecuación de dichos indicadores y se utilizó el índice de Osterlind (1989) como una forma de operativizar el consenso entre los expertos respecto a la idoneidad de los indicadores seleccionados para evaluar la calidad universitaria. Se presentan los indicadores obtenidos en el análisis como una alternativa posible para el estudio de la calidad universitariaThe new conception of higher education in Spanish society and in its national, regional and local governments has generated laws that give more independence to universities. Because of this situation, governments need information about how universities use that independence. This context has stressed the need of defining the construct of quality in higher education and the difficulty that implementing an appropriate evaluation procedure entails. This paper has two aims: first, to justify that systems of indicators are a plausible alternative to both problems, and second, to study the content validity of a group of indicators chosen from the literature. We have carried out the following process in the empirical study: we selected some indicators related to higher education (about teaching, research, and services); we consulted experts about the congruence of these indicators, and finally we used the Osterlind´s index (1989) to operationalize the consensus between experts about their judgments. We describe the quality indicators obtained in this analysis as a possible alternative to study quality in higher education

Effects of Sweeteners on the Gut Microbiota: A Review of Experimental Studies and Clinical Trials

The consumption of sugar-free foods is growing because of their low-calorie content and the health concerns about products with high sugar content. Sweeteners that are frequently several hundred thousand times sweeter than sucrose are being consumed as sugar substitutes. Although nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are considered safe and well tolerated, their effects on glucose intolerance, the activation of sweet taste receptors, and alterations to the composition of the intestinal microbiota are controversial. This review critically discusses the evidence supporting the effects of NNSs, both synthetic sweeteners (acesulfame K, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, neotame, advantame, and sucralose) and natural sweeteners (NSs; thaumatin, steviol glucosides, monellin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, and glycyrrhizin) and nutritive sweeteners (polyols or sugar alcohols) on the composition of microbiota in the human gut. So far, only saccharin and sucralose (NNSs) and stevia (NS) change the composition of the gut microbiota. By definition, a prebiotic is a nondigestible food ingredient, but some polyols can be absorbed, at least partially, in the small intestine by passive diffusion: however, a number of them, such as isomaltose, maltitol, lactitol, and xylitol, can reach the large bowel and increase the numbers of bifidobacteria in humans. Further research on the effects of sweeteners on the composition of the human gut microbiome is necessary