1,427 research outputs found
Number of natively unfolded proteins scales with genome size
Natively unfolded proteins exist as an ensemble of flexible conformations
lacking a well defined tertiary structure along a large portion of their
polypeptide chain. Despite the absence of a stable configuration, they are
involved in important cellular processes. In this work we used from three
indicators of folding status, derived from the analysis of mean packing and
mean contact energy of a protein sequence as well as from VSL2, a disorder
predictor, and we combined them into a consensus score to identify natively
unfolded proteins in several genomes from Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. We
found a high correlation among the number of predicted natively unfolded
proteins and the number of proteins in the genomes. More specifically, the
number of natively unfolded proteins scaled with the number of proteins in the
genomes, with exponent 1.81 +- 0.10. This scaling law may be important to
understand the relation between the number of natively unfolded proteins and
their roles in cellular processes.Comment: Submitted to Biophysics and Bioengineering Letters
http://padis2.uniroma1.it:81/ojs/index.php/CISB-BB
Percolation and lack of self-averaging in a frustrated evolutionary model
We present a stochastic evolutionary model obtained through a perturbation of
Kauffman's maximally rugged model, which is recovered as a special case. Our
main results are: (i) existence of a percolation-like phase transition in the
finite phase space case; (ii) existence of non self-averaging effects in the
thermodynamic limit. Lack of self-averaging emerges from a fragmentation of the
space of all possible evolutions, analogous to that of a geometrically broken
object. Thus the model turns out to be exactly solvable in the thermodynamic
limit.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figur
Long time behavior of quasi-stationary states of the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model
The Hamiltonian Mean-Field model has been investigated, since its
introduction about a decade ago, to study the equilibrium and dynamical
properties of long-range interacting systems. Here we study the long-time
behavior of long-lived, out-of-equilibrium, quasi-stationary dynamical states,
whose lifetime diverges in the thermodynamic limit. The nature of these states
has been the object of a lively debate, in the recent past. We introduce a new
numerical tool, based on the fluctuations of the phase of the instantaneous
magnetization of the system. Using this tool, we study the quasi-stationary
states that arise when the system is started from different classes of initial
conditions, showing that the new observable can be exploited to compute the
lifetime of these states. We also show that quasi-stationary states are present
not only below, but also above the critical temperature of the second order
magnetic phase transition of the model. We find that at supercritical
temperatures the lifetime is much larger than at subcritical temperatures.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Causal influence in linear response models
The intuition of causation is so fundamental that almost every research study
in life sciences refers to this concept. However a widely accepted formal
definition of causal influence between observables is still missing. In the
framework of linear Langevin networks without feedbacks (linear response
models) we developed a measure of causal influence based on a decomposition of
information flows over time. We discuss its main properties and compare it with
other information measures like the Transfer Entropy. Finally we outline some
difficulties of the extension to a general definition of causal influence for
complex systems.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
Bacterial protein interaction networks: connectivity is ruled by gene conservation, essentiality and function
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are the backbone of all processes
in living cells. In this work we relate conservation, essentiality and
functional repertoire of a gene to the connectivity of the corresponding
protein in the PPI networks. Focusing on a set of 42 bacterial species with
reasonably separated evolutionary trajectories, we investigate three issues: i)
whether the distribution of connectivity values changes between PPI subnetworks
of essential and nonessential genes; ii) how gene conservation, measured both
by the evolutionary retention index (ERI) and by evolutionary pressures
(evaluated through the ratio and ENC plots) is related to the the
connectivity of the corresponding protein; iii) how PPI connectivities are
modulated by evolutionary and functional relationships, as represented by the
Clusters of Orthologous Proteins (COGs). We show that conservation,
essentiality and functional specialization of genes control in a quite
universal way the topology of the emerging bacterial PPI networks. Noteworthy,
a structural transition in the network is observed such that, for
connectivities , bacterial PPI networks are mostly populated by genes
that are conserved, essential and which, in most cases, belong to the COG
cluster J, related to ribosomal functions and to the processing of genetic
information
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