Detection of Video/Audio Streaming Packet Flows for Non-Intrusive QoS/QoE Monitoring

Streaming media applications generate a sizable part of network traffic and represent a significant proportion of network providers' income. The commitment to user satisfaction can be summarized by different concepts, content providers emphasizing quality of experience (QoE), whereas network providers are more focused on quality of service (QoS). Measuring QoS parameters, and understanding the relationship between the two, is essential to enable network tuning for enhanced QoE. Analysis of actual streaming dynamics and detection of impairments require the ability to discriminate between audio and video packet flows. This paper presents results of a study supported by the use of nTH HighSee, a non-intrusive QoS monitoring tool, where approaches to video/audio detection have been investigated and tested

Immunotherapy in NSCLC Patients with Brain Metastases

Approximately 40% of unselected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients develop brain metastases (BMs) during their disease, with considerable morbidity and mortality. The management of BMs in patients with NSCLC is a clinical challenge and requires a multidisciplinary approach to gain effective intracranial disease control. Over the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a game-changer in the treatment landscape of advanced NSCLC, with significant improvements in survival outcomes, although patients with BMs are mostly underrepresented in randomized clinical trials. Moreover, the safety and activity of ICIs and radiotherapy combinations compared with single-agent or sequential modalities is still under evaluation to establish the optimal management of these patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the state-of-the-art of clinical evidence of ICIs intracranial activity and the main challenges of incorporating these agents in the treatment armamentarium of NSCLC patients with BMs