How Systematically Increasing Estimator Variables Affects the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship

Researchers have used signal-detection theory-based approach to show that when police use proper practices with eyewitnesses, highly confident witnesses will be highly accurate even when viewing conditions may be suboptimal (Wixted & Wells, 2017). This is referred to as the pristine conditions hypothesis. There have been multiple, and often contradictory, studies that have investigated the relationship between viewing conditions and memory degradation (Giacona et al., 2021; Grabman et al., 2019; Lockamyeir et al, 2020; Semmler et al., 2018). In the current study, I systematically manipulated five estimator variables (lighting, distance, retention interval, exposure duration, and race) as either suboptimal or optimal to further investigate this relationship. I found that, as expected, overall memory strength decreased as the number of suboptimal estimator variables increased. Next, I assessed CAC curves for the number of suboptimal estimator variables and found that the pristine conditions hypothesis holds, except when all five variables are suboptimal, at which point high confidence does not equal high accuracy. Additionally, these results did not hold for when base rates were low. Similarly, when collapsing across viewing type, it was found that under low base rates, high confidence did not equal high accuracy when the conditions were suboptimal. While this research found a lot of support for the pristine conditions hypothesis, it also established important boundary conditions for when this hypothesis is not valid. Further research is still needed to continue to address the confidence-accuracy relationship

How Systematically Increasing Estimator Variables Affects the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship

Researchers have used signal-detection theory-based approach to show that when police use proper practices with eyewitnesses, highly confident witnesses will be highly accurate even when viewing conditions may be suboptimal (Wixted & Wells, 2017). This is referred to as the pristine conditions hypothesis. There have been multiple, and often contradictory, studies that have investigated the relationship between viewing conditions and memory degradation (Giacona et al., 2021; Grabman et al., 2019; Lockamyeir et al, 2020; Semmler et al., 2018). In the current study, I systematically manipulated five estimator variables (lighting, distance, retention interval, exposure duration, and race) as either suboptimal or optimal to further investigate this relationship. I found that, as expected, overall memory strength decreased as the number of suboptimal estimator variables increased. Next, I assessed CAC curves for the number of suboptimal estimator variables and found that the pristine conditions hypothesis holds, except when all five variables are suboptimal, at which point high confidence does not equal high accuracy. Additionally, these results did not hold for when base rates were low. Similarly, when collapsing across viewing type, it was found that under low base rates, high confidence did not equal high accuracy when the conditions were suboptimal. While this research found a lot of support for the pristine conditions hypothesis, it also established important boundary conditions for when this hypothesis is not valid. Further research is still needed to continue to address the confidence-accuracy relationship

Senior Recital: Adrianna Giacona, Flute; Lu Witzig, Piano; November 12, 2023

Kemp Recital HallNovember 12, 2023Sunday Afternoon3:00 p.m

Junior Recital: Adrianna Giacona, Flute; Lu Witzig, Piano; March 24, 2023

Kemp Recital HallMarch 24, 2023Friday Evening6:00 p.m

Arts-Based Assessments and Projective Tests: An Interpretation of Self

This research seeks to understand the relationship between arts-based assessments and perception of self through exploration of participants’ interpretations of their own animal drawings. Subjects’ experiences with projective tests, personality assessments and tools, and art assessments were also examined for contextual understanding and comparison. To conduct this mixed methods pilot study, a survey was administered to alumni of the Loyola Marymount University Marital and Family Therapy Department. The findings suggest evidence of self- projection within arts-based assessment interpretation by way of metaphor, and highlight the potential for interpretation bias in therapeutic assessment, both in administration and perception. This pilot study has provided foundational information for future research, and suggests the following to be considered for continued exploration: styles of interpretation, framework of questions, usefulness of assessments, consistency of assessment interpretation, and how demographics plays a role in each of these elements

A STUDY OF COMPARATIVE INTERPRETATIONS BY STANLEY DRUCKER, ELSA LUDEWIG-VERDEHR, HAKAN ROSENGREN, AND JOHN BRUCE YEH OF THE CLARINET CONCERTO BY CARL NIELSEN

Carl Nielsen's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra is a staple of twentieth-century clarinet literature that requires exceptional musicality and technical mastery to justifiably perform the work. This document aids in the explanation and understanding of the Concerto by examining the interpretations of four prominent soloists: Stanley Drucker (the first American to record the Concerto), Elsa Ludewig-Verdehr, Håkan Rosengren, and John Bruce Yeh. A chapter has been dedicated to each performer in which I examine his or her relationship to the work, how he or she was introduced to the Concerto, who he or she performed and recorded the work with, different interpretations of style, general impressions of the work, and how each soloist interprets articulations, phrasings, and editorial markings. The last chapter draws conclusions from the similarities and differences present in each performer's interpretation and philosophy. To better explain each interpretation, musical examples have been used to show the differences between the performers' versions and the printed clarinet part

False informazioni per ottenere il reddito di cittadinanza o l’assegno d’inclusione, nel groviglio della disciplina sulle indebite percezioni

La generale e frettolosa abrogazione della normativa sul reddito di cittadinanza (introdotta dal d.l. n. 4/2019) a opera della legge c.d. di bilancio 2023 (art. 1, comma 318, l. n. 197/2022, con efficacia dal 1° genn. 2024), ha involontariamente travolto anche il reato di false informazioni finalizzate al conseguimento di tale erogazione (art. 7, d.l. n. 4/2019). Cercando di rimediare all’errore, il d.l. n. 48/2023 (art. 13, c. 3), in vigore dal 5 maggio 2023, ha previsto che tale reato continua a essere applicabile. L’autore ritiene che i fatti commessi tra il 1° gennaio e il 4 maggio 2023 non siano punibili in base all’art. 7, d.l. n. 4/2019, ma secondo l’art. 640-bis c.p. (nei casi meno frequenti di controllo preventivo da parte dell’ente erogatore) ovvero (più spesso, in applicazione del quarto comma dell’art. 2 c.p.) in base agli artt. 56 e 316-ter, c. 1, c.p., come tentativo d’indebita percezione di pubbliche erogazioni (mentre non sarebbero in alcun modo punibili nelle ipotesi di mancato superamento della soglia di cui al secondo comma dell’art. 316-ter c.p.)

I due ne bis in idem, sostanziale e processuale: omonimi ma non parenti

Dopo avere esaminato due recenti importanti pronunzie della Corte costituzionale (n. 149 del 2022) e della Corte di Giustizia UE (Grande Sezione, 8 marzo 2022, NE), relative entrambe al principio di proporzionalità e la prima anche a quello di ne bis in idem, l’autore sofferma l’attenzione su quest’ultimo e sui rapporti tra accezione sostanziale e processuale. Nonostante la loro comune generica funzione garantistica di evitare eccessi persecutori, si sottolinea la loro diversità e come una corretta fisiologia penalistica richiede che anzitutto vengano risolti nel corso del processo gli aspetti relativi al concorso apparente ovvero formale di reati; mentre dopo il passaggio in giudicato della sentenza potranno assumere rilevanza quei segmenti del fatto di reato che non sono stati oggetto di accertamenti. Quindi, l’importanza attribuita negli ultimi anni al principio di ne bis in idem sostanziale comporta l’esigenza – oggi ancor più che in passato – di affrontare il problema del concorso apparente di reati attraverso il criterio di consunzione (per approfondimenti l’autore rinvia a un suo recente studio monografico)

Singing Redface: The Misappropriation of American Indian Culture in Popular Music

This project examines the role of cultural appropriation in the creation of Native American stereotypes that are present in Western popular music in post-colonial America through the completion of an in-progress book. Similar to how minstrel blackface performances developed racial archetypes by “displaying blackness,” singing redface occurs when a non-Native person takes on the racial archetype of a Native American character through song. This research not only analyzes the use of singing redface in popular music, but also examines how these songs lead to cultural confusion, cultural misappropriation, racial antipathy, and idealized sympathy towards Native Americans and their culture

Géohistoire du risque d’avalanche dans le Massif vosgien

Avec les crues, les avalanches représentent en montagne les principales menaces naturelles pour les hommes et leurs activités, comme en témoignent les événements survenus dans les Alpes et les Pyrénées durant l’hiver 2014-2015. Le phénomène avalanche perturbe le fonctionnement des territoires et cause régulièrement des dommages. Il fait donc l’objet d’une attention et d’une prise en compte spécifiques. Dans ce contexte, la moyenne montagne tient une place particulière. Peu investie par les ge..