Comparative Multi Fractal De-trended Fluctuation Analysis of heavy ion interactions at a few GeV to a few hundred GeV

We have studied the multifractality of pion emission process in 16O-AgBr interactions at 2.1AGeV & 60AGeV, 12CAgBr &24Mg-AgBr interactions at 4.5AGeV and 32S-AgBr interactions at 200AGeV using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) method which is capable of extracting the actual multifractal property filtering out the average trend of fluctuation. The analysis revels that the pseudo rapidity distribution of the shower particles is multifractal in nature for all the interactions i.e. pion production mechanism has in built multi-scale self-similarity property. We have employed MFDFA method for randomly generated events for 32S-AgBr interactions at 200 AGeV. Comparison of expt. results with those obtained from randomly generated data set reveals that the source of multifractality in our data is the presence of long range correlation. Comparing the results obtained from different interactions, it may be concluded that strength of multifractality decreases with projectile mass for same projectile energy and for a particular projectile it increases with energy. The values of ordinary Hurst exponent suggest that there is long range correlation present in our data for all the interactions

HIBISCUS LEAF MUCILAGE AS STABILISER FOR PHARMACEUTICAL DISPERSE SYSTEMS

Objective: Stable pharmaceutical disperse systems are defined as heterogeneous, biphasic systems as suspensions and emulsions, stabilized by third agent or stabilizer. The aim of the present investigation was to extract mucilage from the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinesnsis L. and explore its ability to function as stabiliser for adult (10%w/v) and paediatric (2.4%w/v) paracetamol (PCM) suspensions and 2% v/v sunflower oil emulsions. Methods: Isolated mucilage powder was subjected to phytochemical tests to identify the major phytochemical constituents, FTIR spectroscopy to establish compatibility with formulation ingredients, X-ray diffractometry to determine the crystalline nature and viscosity study by Ostwald viscometer and swelling behaviour in water to determine the swelling index. Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening of the mucilage (HM) revealed the presence of non-reducing sugars, gums and mucilage. HM possesses a highly amorphous structure with extremely low overall crystallinity. The mucilage belongs to the class of carbohydrate as it contains–OH groups with intermolecular hydrogen bonding, with 1→4 glycosidic bonds which accounts for its high hydration capacity. Swelling index and relative viscosity of 0.5% w/v mucilage in water was found to be 1050 and 4.84 respectively at 25 °C. Although adult PCM suspensions containing 4% w/v mucilage exhibited poor redispersibility, paediatric suspension containing 1 and 2% w/v mucilage showed gradual settling of particles with good re-dispersibility and flowability. Emulsion activity index (EAI) values of the three emulsions (0.5, 0.75 and 1%w/v HM) were found to be close to 2 g. m-1 ml-1suggesting concentration independent activity of HM as an emulsifier. Emulsion stability index (ESI) values at 72 h showed comparatively less stability with increasing concentration of mucilage probably due to polysaccharide chain overlapping at high concentration leading to less effective surface coverage per unit gum concentration. Conclusion: Therefore, hibiscus leaf mucilage has the capacity to stabilize a suspension or emulsion based on its capacity to adsorb onto solid or liquid interfaces

Comparative Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Heavy Ion Interactions at a Few GeV to a Few Hundred GeV

We have studied the multifractality of pion emission process in 16 O-AgBr interactions at 2.1 AGeV and 60 AGeV, 12 CAgBr and 24 Mg-AgBr interactions at 4.5 AGeV, and 32 S-AgBr interactions at 200 AGeV using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) method which is capable of extracting the actual multifractal property filtering out the average trend of fluctuation. The analysis reveals that the pseudorapidity distribution of the shower particles is multifractal in nature for all the interactions; that is, pion production mechanism has inbuilt multiscale self-similarity property. We have employed MFDFA method for randomly generated events for 32 S-AgBr interactions at 200 AGeV. Comparison of expt. results with those obtained from randomly generated data set reveals that the source of multifractality in our data is the presence of long range correlation. Comparing the results obtained from different interactions, it may be concluded that strength of multifractality decreases with projectile mass for the same projectile energy and for a particular projectile it increases with energy. The values of ordinary Hurst exponent suggest that there is long range correlation present in our data for all the interactions

Evaluation of Protracted Cisplatinum Infusion in Advanced Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Introduction: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) constitutes 1-3% of all thyroid malignancies. Most of the patients of anaplastic thyroid cancer presents with advanced inoperable lesion associated with neck mass dysphagia, and SVC syndrome. At this stage only treatment that can be offered is chemotherapy, as this variety of thyroid cancer does not generally concentrate iodine. Present study evaluates protracted (8 hr) Cisplatinum (CDDP) infusion along with doxorubucin in comparison to conventional (1hr) Cisplatinum + doxorubucin in advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer in terms of tolerance, toxicities and response rates. Methods: 32 previously untreated cases of stage III/IV inoperable anaplastic thyroid cancer were included in the present study. Patients were divided into 2 arms of 16 patients each. Arm I (16 patients) received 1 hr Cisplatin (CDDP) infusion 75mg/m2 + Doxorubicin 60mg/m2 infusion & Arm II (16 patients) received protracted 8 hrs CDDP infusion 75mg/m2+ Doxorubicin 60mg/m2 infusion. All patients were evaluated for tolerance, toxicities and response rate. Results: Arm II patients showed better locoregional response with CR 31.25%, PR 50%, SD 6.25%,PrD. 12.5% as compared to Arm I patients with CR 12.5%, PR 43.75%, SD 18.75%, Pr. D 25%, p= .02. Toxicities like mucositis, nausea & vomiting, diarrhea, nephrotoxicity were also significantly less in Arm II. After completion of 3-4cycles of Induction CT, all patients were treated with External Radiotherapy of 60-66Gy, followed with 2-3 cycles of adjuvant CT. Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded that protracted cisplatinum infusion along with other chemotherapeutic drugs is an effective and acceptable CT regimen in advanced inoperable thyroid cancer

Comparison three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy versus intensity modulated radiation therapy in local control of head and neck cancer

Background: About 74% of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients need to undergo either definitive or postoperative radiation therapy because of aggressive nature of disease. The transition from two-dimensional conventional radiotherapy to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and further technological evolutions led to the successful clinical implementation of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), which constitutes an evolution of 3D-CRT. The IMRT technique gives the ability to create treatment fields with varying beam intensity using inverse planning and optimization algorithms to treat irregularly shaped target volumes with high precision. IMRT is in existence in clinical practice since 1995. Since then, presuming its clinical benefit a significant amount of patients has been treated by this technique. PARSPORT was the first multi-institutional prospective trial comparing IMRT with conventional RT in the treatment of HNC. It has shown a reduction in severe xerostomia but no difference in other toxicity and locoregional control after 24 months' follow or overall survival. Except for early T1, 2 N0 stages, the prognosis for patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC) is dismal than for carcinoma in other sites of the head and neck (HNC). Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of OCC following IMRT. Materials and Methods: Between January 2013 and January 2015, 40 patients of carcinoma buccal mucosa and carcinoma alveolus were treated by postoperative (19) or definitive (21) radiation therapy by IMRT technique. Of these, 28 patients (70%) presented with locally advanced T3/4 or recurrent tumor. Total radiation doses delivered was between 60 and 70 Gray at 2 Gray/fraction. Of these 31 patients (78%) has received concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Another group of 42 similar patients treated by 3D-CRT as definitive or postoperative adjuvant treatment over the same period has been selected. Comparisons were performed between these two groups. Statistical Analysis: Data were entered into Excel spreadsheet and expressed as mean and standard deviation for deriving P value, and unpaired t-test was used to calculate 95% confidence interval. Local control (LC) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curve. Of all assessed treatment subgroups, LC rate was highest for patients treated with postoperative IMRT (89% LC at 2 years) followed by postoperative 3D-CRT patients (79% LC at 2 years); and finally, poorest LC rates (43% and 32% at 2 years) were seen in definitively irradiated patients with IMRT and 3D-CRT, respectively. LC rate for T1 stage (83%, n = 6) was significantly higher, than that for T2–4 (LC 55%, n = 76) as expected. Conclusion: Postoperative IMRT of carcinoma buccal mucosa and alveolus resulted in the highest LC rate of all the treatment subgroups assessed hence should be generously recommended in such cases especially ones with unfavorable features such as close resection margin, nodal involvement, locally advanced tumor (>T1N0), or recurrent disease, respectively. Despite definitive IMRT, locoregional control in carcinoma buccal mucosa and alveolus remain unsatisfactory, comparable to that following definitive 3D-CRT

Measurements of charged hadron fluctuations in pseudo-rapidity bins in

We have measured the hadron-hadron correlation in the multiparticle production process of 16O-AgBr interactions at 60A GeV and 32S-AgBr interactions at 200A GeV in the forward and backward zone of the pseudo-rapidity space using the normalized factorial cumulant moment method. The experimental results have been compared with the Monte Carlo data generated according to the independent emission model. The results reveal that the observed correlation between the produced hadrons is purely dynamical. Correlation is found to be stronger in the backward zone than that in the forward zone of the pseudo-rapidity space for both interactions. Factorial cumulant moments for the experimental data show a power law rise with decreasing phase space bin size. The results obtained from the experimental data have also been compared with those obtained from analyzing FRITIOF data. Though FRITIOF data itself show the presence of a measured correlation among the hadrons, in most of the cases the values of the factorial cumulant moments are much less than the experimental values and they remain constant with phase space bin size. The study might hint towards the Bose-Einstein correlation as the origin of the observed behavior of the measured correlation. The failure of FRITIOF data to reproduce the exact experimental behavior in terms of factorial cumulant moment also supports this notion as the model does not take the BE correlation into account

Recurrent Congenital Ichthyosis in Newborn: A Case Report

Ichthyosis refers to a relatively uncommon group of skin disorders characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of dry surface scales. It can be congenital or acquired. Our patient was third child with this disorder and out of three none survived. In congenital ichthyosis form of disorders, routine histopathology, electron microscopy, and frozen sections of skin biopsy specimens may be required to determine the specific classification of disease. The mainstay of therapy includes removal of surface scales and application of a water barrier. In disabling cases, oral retinoids may reduce cosmetic disfigurement, depression, and social isolation

Event-by-Event pseudorapidity fluctuation analysis: An outlook to multiplicity and phase space dependence

A detailed study of Event-by-Event pseudorapidity fluctuation of the pions produced in 16O -AgBr interactions at 60A GeV and 32S -AgBr interactions at 200A GeV has been carried out in terms of $\phi$ , a variable defined as a measure of fluctuation. Non-zero $\phi$ values indicate the presence of strong correlation among the pions for both interactions. Multiplicity and rapidity dependence of the Event-by-Event pseudorapidity fluctuation has been investigated. A decrease of $\phi$ with average multiplicity and increase of the same variable with pseudorapidity width are observed. Decrease of $\phi$ with average multiplicity is concluded as the particle emission by several independent sources occurs for higher-multiplicity events. The increase in $\phi$ values with pseudorapidity width, taken around central rapidity, might hint towards the presence of long-range correlation and its dominance over short range one. We have compared our experimental results with Monte Carlo simulation generated assuming independent particle emission. Comparison shows that the source of correlation and fluctuation is the dynamics of the pion production process. We have also compared our results with events generated by FRITIOF code. Such events also show the presence of fluctuation and correlation; however they fail to replicate the experimental findings