Apparent histological changes of adipocytes after treatment with CL 316,243, a β-3-adrenergic receptor agonist

Background and objectives: The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of CL 316,243 (CL) (a highly selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonist) on cellular changes occurring in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) of lean and obese rats.Methods: Ten-month-old lean and obese Zucker rats were implanted subcutaneously with osmotic mini-pumps, infusing either saline or CL (1 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. Results: There was no effect of CL on food intake. However, the resting metabolic rate in lean and obese rats increased by 55 and 96 per rat, respectively. Total RWAT weight decreased in both lean and obese rats under influence of CL treatment by 65 and 38, respectively. Total body weight and body fat were lower in CL treated rats. Detection of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in RWAT was confirmed qualitatively by both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using a rabbit anti rat UCP1 antibody which showed the appearance of a marked increase of this protein in the adipose tissue. Stained semi-thin sections (0.5 µm) also demonstrated abundant nuclei in multilocular adipocytes, in endothelial cells associated with the vasculature, and in interstitial cells. In CL-treated obese rats, a clustering of several multilocular cells around the periphery of a white adipocyte was seen.Conclusion: These results indicate that treatment of both lean and obese Zucker rats with CL induces extensive remodeling of RWAT that includes shrinkage of white adipose tissue, appearance of abundant multilocular cells in RWAT together with the appearance of a marked increase of UCP, preferentially in lean rats. © 2015 Ghorbani et al

Annual cycle of ovarian development and sex hormones of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in captivity

The grey mullet fingerling were imported to Iran in 1997 from Hong Kong and in coastal fish pond of north part of Iran were successfully cultured in order to obtain broodstocks and induce artificial reproduction. Seasonal changes in serum concentrations of Testosterone, 17-β Estradiole (E2), 17-α Hydroxy Progesterone and also the level of calcium, Triglyceride and cholesterol in females grey mullet in captivity were measured by Radioimmunoassay or colorimetry, respectively. Investigating of sex steroids in different sexual maturity indicated that increasing of oocyte diameter and sexual maturity development serum testosterone was increased significantly (P0.05). These results suggest that the seasonal changes in serum lipids and gonadal steroids were associated with reproductive development. The data also support the hypothesis that the shortening photoperiod is a major factor in stimulating reproductive activity in striped mullet

Changes in biochemical and physiological responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. after long-term exposure to Pb (II)

In this study, the chronic toxic effects of Pb (II) on common carp, Cyprius carpio were investigated using several biomarkers at different levels of biological functions for assessing changes in ecosystem quality. In a bioassay,common carp juveniles were individually exposed to different dose of heavy metal, Pb II (0, 0.45, 0.89, 1.34 mg.l-1) for 28 days. Morphological indices such as hepatosomatic index, condition factor and lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and also the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured. These results indicated that there was significant lower condition factor in fish exposed to the highest concentration of Pb (p<0.05). The activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD & CAT) and LPO level was significantly elevated after long-term exposure to higher concentration of Pb (p<0.05). Briefly, our findings suggested that common carp exposed to lead, develop oxidative stress, hence long-term exposure to higher concentrations of Pb could seriously affect the health status of fish

Study of physical damage and storage effects on strength of sturgeon gillnet

Every year, after fishing period, the sturgeon gillnets are assessed base on physical characters by the management of sturgeon fishes in Golestan Province. Net are put aside and replaced by new one if they qualification are not net. In spite of importance of strength ropes, unfortunately, there is a little research in this regards. In addition, previous research are not applied storage conditions and physical damages. Therefore, researcher are determined to do a research in this regards. For this reason some materials from new net, storage net, damaged net, put aside net, etc. collected and tested by an Instron. Then data analyzed by factorial test in complete randomized and variance and average compared in 5% significant level by SPSS version 17. The results shows that there is not significant difference between new net (blank) and new net kept in storage for two years in strength point (p>0.05). However, there is significant difference in breaking point, damaged nets (p<0.05). Regarding the effect of reducing, the net strength during the storage, lack of significant difference between new storage net, represents a quality loss in making of new net