Imperforate Hymen and Hydrocolpos: A Case Report

Introduction: Although the exact incidence rate of vaginal atresia is not clear, studies show that this disorder is often accompanied with imperforate hymen associated with hydrocolpos. We  reported a 30-day-old infant with vaginal atresia and hydrocolpos secondary to imperforate hymen who went under a two-stage vaginoplasty for treatment. Case description: The patient was a 30-day-old female infant who was referred to the Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan with symptoms of abdominal distension and urinary retention, in 2016. The patient went under emergency laparotomy.  A large hydrocolpos was observed in the initial exploration. Fluid within the hydrocolpos was drained. A week later, the second surgery was done for vaginal repair and hymen reconstruction. Conclusion: We performed a two-stage vaginoplasty that consisted hydrocolpos drainage in the first stage and hymen repair by cruciate incision in the second stage. Early use of imaging techniques and surgical treatment can prevent the secondary complications of the disorder such as hydronephrosis and sepsis

Decisional balance and its relationship with stages of change in exercise behavior among employees of Gorgan: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the decisional balance for exercise and its relationship with stages of change in exercise behavior among employees in city of Gorgan, north of Iran. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 991 employees selected through random cluster sampling. Data were collected using the stages of change and decisional balance questionnaires. Results: a unit increase in the mean score of barriers decreased the possibility of moving to later stages by 49%, while a unit increase in the mean score of exercise benefits increased the possibility by 61%. There was a significant relationship between gender and stages of change (P<0.001) in a way that more female employees were in the early stages of exercise compared with males. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the disadvantages of exercise decrease through while subjects move toward later stages. Majority of the participant, specifically female employees, are in the early stages of exercise and are expected to have a sedentary lifestyle

General self-efficacy and diabetes management self-efficacy of diabetic patients referred to diabetes clinic of Aq Qala, North of Iran

Background: Self-efficacy is one of the factors involved in successful self-care of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate general self-efficacy and diabetes management self-efficacy and to determine their association with glycemic control in diabetic individuals, referred to the diabetes clinic of Aq Qala city, North of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 251 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled using census method. Data collection tools consisted of Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSES) and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) with minor demographic adjustments and hemoglobin A1C test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical techniques include independent t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression were applied for further data analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation age of subjects was 56.17 ± 10.45 years. The mean level of HbA1C of studied subject was 8.35 ± 2.02. There was a negative correlation between age and general self-efficacy and diabetes self-efficacy while, there was a positive correlation between general self-efficacy and diabetes self-efficacy (P &lt; 0.001). Results of the regression analysis showed that duration of the disease was the only variable which had a significant effect on the level of hemoglobin A1C (P &lt; 0.001), so that for each year of having the disease, the level of hemoglobin A1C increased by 0.084 (CI 95 = 0.048-0.121). Conclusions: General self-efficacy and diabetes self-efficacy does not affect glycemic control in diabetic individuals. The duration of the disease is the only affecting variable on glycemic control by its worsening in diabetic individuals. Interventions are recommended to help glycemic control in individuals who are having this disease for longer periods. Moreover, further studies on the affecting factors on poor glycemic control of diabetic patients as well as the role of time variable, are recommended. © 2017 The Author(s)