A Study on population genetic of Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha, in Khouzestan, Iran using molecular method (RAPD)

The genetic structure of Hilsa Shad Tenualosa ilisha in Khouzestan waters including Karoon, Arvandrood and Bahmanshir Rivers as well as Persian Gulf was studied using RAPD technique. After optimizing PCR condition, nine RAPD primers were selected from which 58 polymorphic loci were obtained on 12 specimens from each geographical region (A total of 48 specimens). RAPDPLOT, RAPDDIST and POPGENE computer software were used to analyze the RAPD data. Canonical discriminant analysis was deployed for statistical assessment of the RAPD data. Maximum and minimum genetic distances were found between samples from Arvandrood River and Persian Gulf (0.1987) and Arvandrood and Bahmanshir Rivers (0.0852), respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram showed that the samples from Karoon River and Persian Gulf form one group and samples from Arvandrood and Bahmanshir Rivers form another suggesting the hypothesis that there are Iranian and Iraqi populations of the species that chose their own specific rivers for spawning. According to this hypothesis, the specimens from Persian Gulf chose Karoon as their spawning river. Other populations migrate to Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq

Differentiation of community-associated and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates and identification of spa types by use of PCR and high-resolution melt curve analysis

Infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are present worldwide and represent a major public health concern. The capability of PCR followed by high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis for the detection of community-associated and livestock-associated MRSA strains and the identification of staphylococcal protein A (spa) locus was evaluated in 74 MRSA samples which were isolated from the environment, humans, and pigs on a single piggery. PCR-HRM curve analysis identified four spa types among MRSA samples and differentiated MRSA strains accordingly. A nonsubjective differentiation model was developed according to genetic confidence percentage values produced by tested samples, which did not require visual interpretation of HRM curve results. The test was carried out at different settings, and result data were reanalyzed and confirmed with DNA sequencing. PCR-HRM curve analysis proved to be a robust and reliable test for spa typing and can be used as a tool in epidemiological studies

Frequency band sharing in CDMA-based micro/macro-cellular systems

A novel approach is proposed and analysed in this paper, where the micro-cell utilises the same frequency band as the macro-cell to transmit non-real time data. The main idea is that, whenever the macro-cell interference falls below a given threshold, the micro-cell schedules data with a transmission rate dependent on the micro-cell signal strength and the macro-cell interference level. We prove analytically that utilizing the hence created micro-cell transmission scheme non-real time data can be transmitted at micro-cells. We also derive the average duration and the frequency of transmit event for non-real time data transmission at micro-cells, all of which is verified by means of a dynamic CDMA system level simulator

Fusion of Clostridium perfringens type D and B epsilon and beta toxin genes and it’s cloning in E. coli

Designing and producing a proper fusion construction is the most important problem of producing large quantities of a properly folded functional protein. This construction should have all necessary components of a real gene. A good designed fusion gene construction could be cloned into a good and suitable host. Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of humans and livestock and produces numerous toxins including epsilon and beta which are responsible for severe diseases. In the present study a new construction containing Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin gene and type B beta toxin gene was designed. At the first step two pairs of primers were used for these genes amplification. At the next step epsilon forward and beta reveres primers were used to produce a chimeric gene containing amplified partial cds of etxD and partial cds of cpbB which are linked together by the AEAAAKEAAAKA fragment as a small linker. The method was based on fusion PCR and using of Pfu DNA polymerase, which has a proofreading activity. The fusion gene inserted into pJET1.2blunt and cloned into E.coli strain TOP10. Based on the latest information, this is the first design and cloning of epsilon-beta fusion gene and also this is the first time that PCR fusion strategy is used for Clostriadial gene fusion, which could be used for development of a recombinant epsilon-beta fusion protein vaccine. This construction also could serve as a model for development and production of novel fusion protein for other potential proteins and toxins