Aflatoxin M1 level in pasteurized and sterilized milk of Babol city

Background: Aflatoxins are severe toxic secondary metabolites found in most plant products. When animals consume contaminated feed stuff to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the toxin is metabolized by liver and is excreted as Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) via milk. Aflatoxins are acute toxic compounds, immunosuppressive, mutagen, tratogen and carcinogen."nMethods: During the winter of 2006, pasteurized and sterilized (ultra high temperature) (UHT) milk packages were collected from supermarkets in Babol city. 78 pasteurized and 33 sterilized milk, totally 111 samples were tested for AFM1 by competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Solid phase in plastic micro wells coated whit anti-Aflatoxin M1 antibodies. We added 100 microliter skimmed milk and Aflatoxin M1 standard solutions in each well. In each plate, we appointed seven wells for standards. Plates were incubated at 20-25 centigrade for 45 min. Each well was washed four times by washing buffer 20X concentration. Then 100 micro liter conjugated solution (100X) was added to each well, and the plate was incubated at 20-25 centigrade for 15 min. After that, the wells were washed. After adding the substrates to wells, we incubated the plate at 20-25 centigrade in a dark place for 15 min. The reaction was stopped by stop solution. After one hour, light absorption was read at 450 nm by ELISA reader."nResults: AFM1 were detected in 100% of all samples. 100% of samples were above of European community regulations (50ng/l). AFM1 contamination mean levels pasteurized and sterilized milk were 230.5 and 221.66 respectively. Therefore more than four fold levels European community. There is not a significant relationship between AFM1 contamina-tion level and different months of winter applying statistical test."nConclusion: The results showed the need for introducing safety limits for AFM1 levels in child milk under Food Legislative liable of Iran. Aflatoxin M1 contamination is a serious problem for public health, and it is potentially hazardous for human health

Mycological Survey and Total Aflatoxin Analyze in Silage from Qaemshahr City (Northern Iran)

In this study, 42 samples of silage were collected in Qaemshahr city in Iran during fall 2011. Samples were tested by competitive ELISA for total aflatoxins. Seven samples (16.7%) (Mean±se:1.24) from 42 silage samples were positive with total aflatoxin (1.1-27.3 ppb) in Nov., Dec. and Oct. The highest contamination was observed in Oct., three samples (21.4%) from 14 samples were contaminated with total aflatoxin by 22.2 ppb, 25.6 and 27.3 ppb. The culture results of samples showed that the most toxinigenic fungi among 57 colonies were<em> Aspergillus sp.</em> with fifteen (% 31.5), <em>Fusarium sp.</em> With thirteen (% 22.8), Alternaria<em> spp.</em> With twelve (21.05%), <em>Penicillium spp.</em> with nine (%15.78) and <em>Acremonium sp.</em> with five (8.77%) and also the most nontoxigenic fungi were <em>cladosporium spp.</em> with fifteen (% 37.5), <em>Rhizopus spp.</em> with nine (% 22.5), <em>Mucor spp. </em>with<em> </em>six (15%), <em>yeast</em> with six (15%) and <em>Scopulariopsis spp.</em> with four (10%) colonies isolated in culture medium among 40 colonies<em> </em>of nontoxigenic fungi