HPV test - detection and genotyping of the strains with high / low oncogenic risk

Catedra Diagnostic de Laborator clinic USMF ‘’Nicolae Testemiţanu’’Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer represents the second most common cause of death after breast cancer, affecting women of different age groups; with a prevalence of over than about 20% in young sexually active women. Among different types of HPV, type HPV16-18 represents major strains causing this cancer and being sexually transmitted it had been unnoticed for decades. Elaboration and implementation of various diagnostic methods prove to be an effective way in eradicating the oncogenic potential of HPV. Papilomavirus uman (HPV) este cea mai frecventă cauză a cancerului de col uterin. Cancerul cervical reprezintă a doua cauză de deces la femei dupa cancerul mamar care afectează femeile de diferite vârste cu o prevalenţă mai inaltă de aproximativ 20% la cele tinere active sexual. Printre diferite tipuri de HPV, tipul 16 -18 sunt tulpini majore care cauzează acest tip de cancer. Elaborarea şi implimentarea diverselor procedee de diagnosticare se dovedesc a fi o modalitate eficienta în eradicarea potenţialului oncogenic de HP

The importance of the PCR method in the diagnosis of the congenital infection CMV

Catedra Diagnostic de Laborator Clinic, USMF ,,Nicolae Testemiţanu”In this article we elucidated: studies on the prevalence of congenital CMV infection at newborns, prenatal diagnosis problems of infection with CMV, PCR method as procedure, advantages and disadvantages, we presented the results of studies wiht PCR method at newborns infected with CMV with PCR in developed countries, which is currently the gold standard for diagnosis of congenital CMV infection. În acest articol am elucidat: studii privind prevalenţa infecţiei congenitale cu CMV la nou-născuţi, problemele de diagnostic prenatal al infecţiei cu CMV, metoda PCR ca procedura de efectuare, avantaje şi dezavantaje, am prezentat rezultatele studiilor efectuate la nou-născuţii infectaţi cu CMV în ţările dezvoltate prin metoda PCR care actualmente este standartul de aur în diagnosticul infecţiei congenitale cu CMV

Silent professionalization: EU integration and the professional socialization of public officials in Central and Eastern Europe

This paper applies theories of international socialization to examine the impact of European Union contact on the professional socialization of public officials in Central and Eastern Europe. Based on a survey of officials in seven new member states, the paper finds that daily work on European Union issues is associated with favourable attitudes towards merit-based civil service governance. The distinction between types of European Union contact shows that officials dealing with ‘reception’-related European Union activities such as the transposition and implementation of European Union policies develop more meritocratic attitudes. By contrast, ‘projection’-related activities that involve personal contact with European Union officials have no effect. The paper concludes that the small but consistent impact of European Union contact on professional socialization promotes the silent professionalization of public administration in Central and Eastern Europe

A Foreign Policy Analysis perspective on the domestic politics turn in IR Theory

Over the last 25 years, there has been a noteworthy turn across major International Relations (IR) theories to include domestic politics and decision-making factors. Neoclassical realism and variants of liberalism and constructivism, for example, have incorporated state motives, perceptions, domestic political institutions, public opinion, and political culture. These theoretical developments, however, have largely ignored decades of research in foreign policy analysis (FPA) examining how domestic political and decision-making factors affect actors' choices and policies. This continues the historical disconnect between FPA and "mainstream" IR, resulting in contemporary IR theories that are considerably underdeveloped. This article revisits the reasons for this separation and demonstrates the gaps between IR theory and FPA research. I argue that a distinct FPA perspective, one that is psychologically-oriented and agent-based, can serve as a complement, a competitor, and an integrating crucible for the cross-theoretical turn toward domestic politics and decision making in IR theory.</p

Security Institutions as Agents of Socialization? NATO and the

This article examines the dynamics and implications of practices of socialization enacted by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in post Cold War Central and Eastern Europe. With particular emphasis on the Czech Republic and Romania, I argue that NATO relied extensively on mechanisms of teaching and persuasion to project a particular set of liberal-democratic norms of security into the former Eastern bloc. Several interrelated conditions affected NATO s ability to teach new norms to Central and East European actors: the parties mutual recognition of their respective roles as teachers and students ; the socializees identification with the Western security community that NATO claimed to embody; and systematic interactions between teachers and students. In teaching new liberal-democratic norms, NATO exercised significant power: the power to shape its socializees interpretations of the world and ideas about proper ways of acting in that world. The shared ideational framework established via teaching also empowered subsequent persuasive appeals launched in the name of liberal-democratic norms. NATO conducted a socialization process that targeted and often affected not simply the behavior of Central and East European socializees, but also their definitions of national identity and interests.For extremely helpful comments on previous incarnations of this article, I am grateful to the editors of International Organization, two anonymous reviewers, Jeffrey Checkel, Michael Z rn, Alastair Iain Johnston, Michael C. Williams, and all the participants in the IDNET workshops.

The Imperative to Rebuild: Assessing the Normative Case for Post-conflict Reconstruction

The past two decades have witnessed the proliferation of comprehensive international missions of peacebuilding and reconstruction, aimed not simply at bringing conflict to an end but also at preventing its recurrence. Recent missions, ranging from relatively modest involvement to highly complex international administrations, have generated a debate about the rights and duties of international actors to reconstruct postconflict states. In view of the recent growth of such missions, and the serious challenges and crises that have plagued them, we seek in this article to address some of the gaps in the current literature and engage in a critical analysis of the moral purposes and dilemmas of reconstruction. More specifically, we construct a map for understanding and evaluating the different ethical imperatives advanced by those who attempt to rebuild war-torn societies. In our view, such a mapping exercise is a necessary step in any attempt to build a normative defence of postconflict reconstruction. The article proceeds in two stages: first, we present the various rationales for reconstruction offered by international actors, and systematize these into four different “logics”; second, we evaluate the implications and normative dilemmas generated by each logic