Sleep Apnea In Veterans With Schizophrenia: Estimating Prevalence And Impact On Cognition

The cognitive impairments of schizophrenia drive the functional disability of the illness but are difficult to treat. One barrier to effective cognitive interventions may be medical illnesses that compromise cognition and are over-represented in people with schizophrenia. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is treatable, causes reversible impairments in many cognitive domains also affected by schizophrenia, and is likely under-diagnosed in people with schizophrenia. We have estimated the prevalence of OSA in schizophrenia, both by self-report and with a predictive model, and characterized the associations between OSA and cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia, using a large dataset of 3942 patients with schizophrenia collected by the Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) #572 “Genetics of Functional Disability in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Illness”. Neuropsychological tests included TMT-A, BACS Symbol Coding, Category Fluency, verbal learning, working memory and NAB Mazes. Functional capacity measures were the UCSD Performance Skills Assessment Battery (UPSA-B) and the Everyday Functioning Battery- Advanced Finances (EFB-AF). Phi correlations were used to assess associations of self-reported OSA (R-OSA) with demographic and clinical factors. Self-reported diagnosis may underestimate prevalence of OSA in this sample, so a clinical prediction model was also used to calculate predicted prevalence of OSA (P-OSA). Each participant’s composite cognitive score (CCS) was calculated by averaging their age- and gender-corrected T-scores for each cognitive test, with higher scores indicative of better performance. T-tests compared assessments between reported and non-reported OSA (R-OSA v. nR-OSA) and predicted and non-predicted OSA (P-OSA v. nP-OSA). ANOVAs were used to examine differences in CCS, UPSA-B, and EFB-AF among R-OSA, predicted-and-not-reported OSA (PnR-OSA), and No-OSA. Binary logistic regression models of PnR-OSA with sociodemographic and clinical variables were used to characterize this vulnerable subgroup. The reported prevalence of OSA was 14.4% (n=566). R-OSA patients were more likely to have a college education, be married, and be functionally independent. The predicted prevalence of OSA was 71.9% (n=2834). R-OSA patients had higher CCS than nR-OSA, whereas P-OSA patients had lower CCS than nP-OSA (p’s\u3c0.0002). R-OSA patients performed better than nR-OSA in speed of processing assessments, whereas P-OSA individuals performed worse than nP-OSA in speed of processing, verbal learning, and working memory (p’s\u3c0.0005). R-OSA had higher UPSA-B and EFB-AF than nR-OSA (p’s\u3c0.0001). P-OSA patients had a lower EFB-AF than those with nP-OSA (p=0. 003). PnR-OSA patients performed worse than both R-OSA and No-OSA on CCS and EFB-AF, and worse than R-OSA on UPSA-B (p’s \u3c0.05). Veterans with PnR-OSA tended to be older, male, smokers, unmarried, and have higher BMI and less education that the rest of the sample. Our analyses suggest only 20% of OSA in schizophrenia is diagnosed. Self-reported OSA was associated with better performance on cognitive and functional measures, whereas predicted OSA was associated with worse performance on these measures. People with higher cognitive capacity may be more likely to seek medical care, while those with less cognitive capacity are at greater risk for having co-occurring medical conditions that further compromise cognition. Patients vulnerable to under-diagnosis likely have the most to gain from treatment of their OSA

Measurement of the tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers of the deuteron inelastic scattering off berillium at 5.0 GeV/c and 178 mr

Tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers in the inelastic scattering of deuterons with the momentum of 5.0 GeV/c on beryllium at an angle of 178 mr in the vicinity of the excitation of baryonic resonances with masses up to 1.8 GeV/c^2 have been measured. The Ayy data are in a good agreement with the previous data obtained at 4.5 and 5.5 GeV/c. The results of the experiment are compared with the predictions of the plane wave impulse approximation and \omega-meson exchange models.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

The p(d,p)d and p(d,p)pn reactions as a tool for the study of the short range internal structure of the deuteron

In recent time the deuteron structure at short distances is often treated from the point of view nonnucleonic degrees of freedom. In this paper the measurements of T-odd polarization observables using tensor polarized deuteron beam and polarized proton target or proton polarimeter are proposed to search the quark configurations inside the deuteron.Comment: 12 pages, 8 Postscript figures, submitted in Phys.Atom.Nuc

Deuteron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Intermediate Energies

The deuteron-proton elastic scattering has been studied in the multiple scattering expansion formalism. The essential attention has been given to such relativistic problem as a deuteron wave function in a moving frame and transformation of spin states due to Wigner rotation. Parameterization of the nucleon-nucleon $t$-matrix has been used to take the off-energy shell effects into account. The vector, $A_y,$ and tensor, $A_{yy}$, analyzing powers of the deuteron have been calculated at two deuteron kinetic energies: 395 MeV and 1200 MeV. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data

The STAR Time Projection Chamber: A Unique Tool for Studying High Multiplicity Events at RHIC

The STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is used to record collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The TPC is the central element in a suite of detectors that surrounds the interaction vertex. The TPC provides complete coverage around the beam-line, and provides complete tracking for charged particles within +- 1.8 units of pseudo-rapidity of the center-of-mass frame. Charged particles with momenta greater than 100 MeV/c are recorded. Multiplicities in excess of 3,000 tracks per event are routinely reconstructed in the software. The TPC measures 4 m in diameter by 4.2 m long, making it the largest TPC in the world.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figure

Measurement of the Proton and Deuteron Spin Structure Functions g2 and Asymmetry A2

We have measured the spin structure functions g2p and g2d and the virtual photon asymmetries A2p and A2d over the kinematic range 0.02 < x < 0.8 and 1.0 < Q^2 < 30(GeV/c)^2 by scattering 38.8 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from transversely polarized NH3 and 6LiD targets.The absolute value of A2 is significantly smaller than the sqrt{R} positivity limit over the measured range, while g2 is consistent with the twist-2 Wandzura-Wilczek calculation. We obtain results for the twist-3 reduced matrix elements d2p, d2d and d2n. The Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule integral - int(g2(x)dx) is reported for the range 0.02 < x < 0.8.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Measurements of the Q2Q^2-Dependence of the Proton and Neutron Spin Structure Functions g1p and g1n

The structure functions g1p and g1n have been measured over the range 0.014 < x < 0.9 and 1 < Q2 < 40 GeV2 using deep-inelastic scattering of 48 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized protons and deuterons. We find that the Q2 dependence of g1p (g1n) at fixed x is very similar to that of the spin-averaged structure function F1p (F1n). From a NLO QCD fit to all available data we find $\Gamma_1^p - \Gamma_1^n =0.176 \pm 0.003 \pm 0.007$ at Q2=5 GeV2, in agreement with the Bjorken sum rule prediction of 0.182 \pm 0.005.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physics Letters

Precision Determination of the Neutron Spin Structure Function g1n

We report on a precision measurement of the neutron spin structure function $g^n_1$ using deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by polarized ^3He. For the kinematic range 0.014<x<0.7 and 1 (GeV/c)^2< Q^2< 17 (GeV/c)^2, we obtain $\int^{0.7}_{0.014} g^n_1(x)dx = -0.036 \pm 0.004 (stat) \pm 0.005 (syst)$ at an average $Q^2=5 (GeV/c)^2$. We find relatively large negative values for $g^n_1$ at low $x$. The results call into question the usual Regge theory method for extrapolating to x=0 to find the full neutron integral $\int^1_0 g^n_1(x)dx$, needed for testing quark-parton model and QCD sum rules.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures To be published in Phys. Rev. Let