Skład chemiczny oraz aktywność antyoksydacyjna i przeciwbakteryjna olejku z Nepeta persica

The essential oil from aerial parts of Nepeta persica Boiss was obtained by steam distillation and was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fourteen components were identified as accounting for 97.3% of total oil composition. The 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone (80%) and Spiro[5.6]dodecane (14.2%) were the main components of essential oil. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil against different kinds of microorganisms was determined by micro-broth dilution assay. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal lethal concentration values of oil were in the ranges from 1-8 to 1-16 μl/ml, respectively. Most of all, the oil was sensitive to Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. The IC50 values of N. persica essential oil and BHT were nearly 0.03%, 2.98%, respectively and in β-carotene/linoleic acid system, the essential oil did not show effective antioxidant activity.Za pomocą chromatografii gazowej (GC) oraz chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrią mas (GC-MS) przeprowadzono analizę składu chemicznego olejku eterycznego otrzymanego w procesie hydrodestylacji nadziemnych części Nepeta persica Boiss. Zidentyfikowano 14 związków, które stanowią 97,3% spośród wszystkich składników występujących w badanym olejku. W wyniku analizy chromatograficznej stwierdzono, że głównymi związkami olejku są 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalakton oraz spiro[5.6]dodekan, które stanowią odpowiednio 80% i 14,2% wszystkich składników. Ustalono minimalne bakteriostatyczne stężenie (MIC) dla olejku, które mieści się w zakresie 1–8 μl/ml, natomiast bakteriobójcze (MBC) 1–16 μl/ml. Wśród mikroorganizmów najbardziej wrażliwe na działanie olejku są Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus oraz Klebsiella pneumoniae. Zbadano właściwości przeciwutleniające, wykorzystując 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), BHT oraz system β-karoten/ kwas linolowy. Ustalono wartości IC50

Shrub density effects on the presence of an endangered lizard of the Carrizo Plain National Monument, California

Abstract Positive associations between animals and foundational shrub species are frequent in desert ecosystems for shelter, resources, refuge, and other key ecological processes. Herein, we tested the impact of the density of the shrub species Ephedra californica on the presence and habitat use of the federally endangered lizard species, Gambelia sila. To do this, we used a 3‐year radio telemetry dataset and satellite‐based counts of shrub density across sites at the Carrizo Plain National Monument in San Luis Obispo County, CA. The effect of shrub density on lizard presence was contrasted with previous shrub cover analyses to determine whether measures of shrub density were superior to shrub cover in predicting lizard presence. Increasing shrub density increased lizard presence. As shrub density increased, lizards were located more frequently “above ground” versus “below ground” in burrows. Male lizards had significantly larger home ranges than females, but both sexes were similarly associated with increasing shrub densities. Shrub density and shrub cover models did not significantly differ in their prediction of lizard presence. These findings suggest that both habitat measures are effective analogs and that ecologically, both cover and the density of foundation shrub species are key factors for some desert lizards

Analysing customer satisfaction of civil aviation companies of Turkey with text mining

This study is aimed to determine the issues that affect customer satisfaction in mobile applications to airline companies. In this context, five of the largest airlines operating in Turkey (Turkish Airlines, Pegasus, Atlasjet, AnadoluJet, SunExpress) were included in the study. Customer reviews in the Apple Store application of these companies were provided. On the other hand, these comments were analysed by data mining method using KNIME program. Thus, the single word, binary word and triple word groups were determined the most in these comments. These words were then categorized according to their respective fields. As a result, it has been determined that customers pay attention to the functionality in mobile applications. In addition, technical competence ranks second among customer expectations. In this context, airlines need to offer different services in the online application in order to increase customer satisfaction. For this purpose, it is important that customers can access different issues such as purchasing tickets, choosing seats, different payment methods and obtaining tickets through mobile applications. This will both increase the satisfaction of the customers and increase the performance of the companies