Effectiveness of cognitive orientation to (daily) occupational performance (CO-OP) on children with cerebral palsy: A mixed design

Background. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disabilities during childhood. Therapeutic interventions mainly focus on impairment reduction to address motor-based difficulties. In contrast, Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a cognitive approach, providing intervention at the level of activity and participation. Aims. This study aims to determine whether the CO-OP approach improves motor skills and achievement in motor-based occupational performance goals in children with CP. Methods and procedures. In this mixed design research (i.e., a multiple baseline single case experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest design), five children with CP participated in 12 CO-OP intervention sessions. Repeated measures of motor skills for the multiple baseline single case experimental design were taken using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP); pre- and post-measures of parent/child perception of performance and satisfaction were identified using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM); level of achievement was identified using Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). Outcomes and results. According to the BOTMP results, all children were able to engage in the CO-OP intervention to improve motor performance. Significant differences after treatment were found in both performance and performance satisfaction ratings using the COPM as rated by parents and children. The GAS results showed progress in achievement levels for all children; all goals were achieved or exceeded. Conclusions and implications. CO-OP intervention can be helpful in improving motor skills and achieving self-identified, motor-based goals in children with CP

مروری بر تاثیر اسب سواری درمانی در کودکان با اختلال اوتیسم

اختلال اوتیسم طبقه ای از اختلالات عصبی رشدی است که بر جنبه های بیشماری از عملکردهای روزانه ی کودک تاثیر گذار است و با علایمی چون مشکل در برقرای ارتباط، تعامل اجتماعی، عملکردهای شناختی، عملکردهای حسی حرکتی همراه می‌باشد. مداخلات متعددی در این حوزه صورت می‌گیرد که یکی از این مداخلات استفاده از حیوانات در درمان، شامل اسب سواری درمانی است. با توجه به سهولت برقراری ارتباط کودکان اوتیسم با حیوانات نسبت به انسانها، برآن شدیم که به بررسی تحقیقاتی که تا کنون در زمینه ی استفاده از این درمان در کودکان با اختلال اوتیسم انجام شده است بپردازیم.  به نظر می‌رسد اسب سواری درمانی تاثیرات مثبتی برعملکرد کودکان اوتیسم دارد که البته نبود یک پروتکل واحد برای اجرای این مداخلات نیاز به انجام پژوهشهای بیشتری در این زمینه برای ایجاد یک پروتکل درمانی نشانمی‌دهد. کلید واژه‌ها: اوتیسم، اسب سواری درمانی، هیپوتراپ

Prevalence of flat foot and hallux valgus deformity among primary school female students in Kiar city of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Introduction: Foot deformities are common among complaints of patients referred to the orthopedic centers. Most of naturally occurring lower limb deformities in children, which are rather common, would be corrected with further normal growth. However, a small percentage of these problems remain unresolved and may cause complications in the future. The main aim of this study is determination of prevalence of flat foot and hallux valgus deformity among primary school female students in Kiar city of Chaharmahal and BakhtiariMaterial and Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Foot posture index (FPI 6) test evaluate for 345 students in age range 7- 11 years and two groups of 7 to 9 years and 11 to 10 years. Also prevalence of hallux valgus among 345 students evaluated.Results: 7.8 % of studied subjects had flat foot deformity. Among 345 students, 12 (6.6%) students in range of age 7 -9 years and 15 (9.3 %) students in range of 10-11 had flat foot deformity. Also prevalence of hallux valgus was 16.5%.Conclusion: These findings point to the importance of proper physical examination, early diagnosis and on-time treatment of foot deformities such as flat foot and hallux valgus deformity in children

The prevalence of hearing loss in infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units

Background and Aim: Studies have shown that several factors affect the hearing loss of infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These factors include hyperbilirubinemia, low birth weight, asphyxia, and prematurity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss and its risk factors in NICU infants. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Samples were 159 infants admitted to the NICU in Fatemieh and Shahid Beheshti hospitals in Hamadan, Iran, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Their hearing was screened using transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) tests; in case of failure in these tests, auditory brainstem response (ABR) was performed. Results: Of 159 infants, 9 (5.66%) were identified with different types of hearing loss where 4 (2.51%) had sensory-neural hearing loss, one (0.62%) had auditory neuropathy and 4 (2.51%) had conductive hearing loss. There was a statistically significant relationship between hearing loss and birth weight < 1500 g, hyperbilirubine­mia, antibiotic therapy, family history of hearing loss, asphyxia and Apgar score < 5. Conclusion: Prevalence of hearing loss in NICU infants is noticeable so hearing assessment after discharge is necessary. Due to the presence of auditory neuropathy, simultaneous use of TEOAE and AABR tests in these infants is recommended