Study of Mitral stenosis in resting and exercised heart using ABAQUS™

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in India contributing nearly 25% to total mortality. Computational models of the heart are a new tool that can be used to conduct research on such diseases, and test the efficacy of medical devices used in their treatment. Computational models take lesser time to deliver the results, suffer lesser restrictions on the number of samples, and more importantly reduce the testing of medical devices on animals. In this study, we used Living Heart Human Model (LHHM) (v2.0 beta) developed on ABAQUS™, a computational model which consists of both electrical and mechanical models of the adult male human heart, to study the effects of mitral stenosis on heart function; mitral stenosis is a major cause of mortality in India.. We first validated the LHHM model by simulating healthy adult male human heart function. We then evaluated its efficacy for severe mitral stenosis in a randomly selected patient, and found that LHHM predictions matched clinical observations. We proceeded to obtain LHHM predictions for 8 patients with varying degrees of mitral stenosis: comparison with clinical data showed a qualitative and quantitative match for pulmonary capillary pressure but only qualitative match for pulmonary arterial pressure. Simulations were also performed for heart function in mitral stenosis during exercise, but LHHM predictions matched neither quantitatively, nor qualitatively, with data indicating further improvement of the model

Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass Surfaces in the National Football League During the 2021 and 2022 Seasons.

BACKGROUND: It has been argued that the use of artificial turf football fields in the National Football League (NFL) increases player injury risk compared with natural grass surfaces. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to quantify the rate of lower extremity injuries occurring in NFL players on artificial turf compared with natural grass surfaces and characterize the time missed due to injury and proportion of injuries requiring surgery. It was hypothesized that lower extremity injuries requiring surgical intervention would occur at a higher rate on artificial turf than on natural grass. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Lower extremity injury data for the 2021 and 2022 NFL seasons were obtained using publicly available records. Data collected included injury type, player position, player age, playing surface, weeks missed due to injury, and whether the patient underwent season-ending or minor surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the risk of season-ending surgery according to playing surface. RESULTS: When combining injuries for the 2021 and 2022 seasons (N = 718 injuries), the incidence rate of lower extremity injury was 1.22 injuries/game for natural grass and 1.42 injuries/game for artificial turf. The odds of a season-ending surgery were found to be significantly higher on artificial turf compared with natural grass (odds ratio = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.28-1.99; P < .05), while additional variables, including weather, age, position, week of injury occurrence, and history of prior injury, did not influence the odds of season-ending surgery. CONCLUSION: The 2021 and 2022 NFL seasons of our analysis demonstrated a higher incidence rate of injuries on artificial turf surfaces compared with natural grass surfaces. In addition, the odds of injury requiring season-ending surgery were found to be significantly higher on artificial turf compared with natural grass

Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass Surfaces in the National Football League During the 2021 and 2022 Seasons

BACKGROUND: It has been argued that the use of artificial turf football fields in the National Football League (NFL) increases player injury risk compared with natural grass surfaces. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to quantify the rate of lower extremity injuries occurring in NFL players on artificial turf compared with natural grass surfaces and characterize the time missed due to injury and proportion of injuries requiring surgery. It was hypothesized that lower extremity injuries requiring surgical intervention would occur at a higher rate on artificial turf than on natural grass. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Lower extremity injury data for the 2021 and 2022 NFL seasons were obtained using publicly available records. Data collected included injury type, player position, player age, playing surface, weeks missed due to injury, and whether the patient underwent season-ending or minor surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the risk of season-ending surgery according to playing surface. RESULTS: When combining injuries for the 2021 and 2022 seasons (N = 718 injuries), the incidence rate of lower extremity injury was 1.22 injuries/game for natural grass and 1.42 injuries/game for artificial turf. The odds of a season-ending surgery were found to be significantly higher on artificial turf compared with natural grass (odds ratio = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.28-1.99; CONCLUSION: The 2021 and 2022 NFL seasons of our analysis demonstrated a higher incidence rate of injuries on artificial turf surfaces compared with natural grass surfaces. In addition, the odds of injury requiring season-ending surgery were found to be significantly higher on artificial turf compared with natural grass

Riata lead failure presenting as a life-threatening electrical storm: A novel manifestation of electrical lead failure

The Riata and Riata ST family of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads are prone to a unique type of structural failure involving exteriorization of the conductor cables, which may present as electrical failure. We report a mode of lead failure that occurred in a patient with a Riata 1570 series dual coil 8F lead. In this case, the first appropriate shock for ventricular fibrillation resulted in noise, that in turn led to recurrent inappropriate shocks and proarrhythmia, that clinically mimicked a life-threatening electrical storm