ABO Blood Groups And Their Link With The Risk of Pre-Eclampsia

ABO blood group antigens have been identified as pathological agent in different disease conditions. For some time, the association of blood group with pregnancy associated conditions like pre-eclampsia is extensively under debate. Preeclampsia is a distressing condition of pregnancy which commonly causes maternal and fetal mortality around the globe. Multiple risk factors are found to be associated with preeclamptic occurrence. In this study our aim was to delineate a specific blood group which could be implicated as a risk factor for pre-eclampsia. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi and retrieved obstetric data including blood group was from medical record files of 368 patients. Obtained data was analyzed by IBM SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of B group was recorded to be 41.3% as compared to O (26.1%), A (22.8%) and AB (9.8%). So, it can be concluded that women having blood group B are more prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: Blood grouping of pregnant women in early weeks of pregnancy could assist in prediction or better management of pre-eclampsia

Heavy metals and nutritional composition of some selected herbal plants of Soon Valley, Khushab, Punjab, Pakistan

Herbal plants and their extracts deserve special attention because of the important influence they have on human health. For the majority of the world population, herbal plants represent the primary source of the health care. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, almost 80% of people in marginal communities use only herbal plants for the treatment of various diseases. Although, the effectiveness of the herbal plants is mainly associated with their constituents such as essential oils, vitamins, glycosides and many other products but prolonged intake can cause health problems due to the presence of heavy metals. The human body requires both the metallic and the non-metallic elements within certain permissible limits for growth and good health. Therefore, the determination of element compositions in food and related products is essential for understanding their nutritive importance. The accumulation of some heavy metals in large quantities in the body may have a toxic effect. The concentration levels ( mg/L) of selected heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb) and macronutrients (Na, Ca, Mg, K and P) in eight useful herbal plants of Soon Valley District Khushab were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and colorimeter. The herbal plants having different growing seasons and uses were collected from different locations. The results revealed that the herbal plants accumulate the elements at different concentrations. The maximum concentrations ( mg/L) of heavy metals in the analyzed samples were 47.25 ± 0.01, 26.6 ± 0.01, 207.6 ± 0.08, 78.90 ± 0.04 and 0.39 ± 0.01 for Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb, respectively. The maximum concentrations ( mg/L) of macro elements were 728 ± 0.60, 28300 ± 113, 68500 ± 25, 24250 ± 55 and 3700 ± 299 for Na, K, Mg, Ca and P, respectively. The levels of heavy metals determined in the analyzed samples were found below the maximum allowable limit. Hence they were safe for consumption. Fe was accumulated most among the plants analyzed for heavy metals. The analyzed samples were good source of important macro elements.Keywords: Heavy metals, nutritional composition, medicinal herbs, Soon Valley

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy Causes and Incidence

OBJECTIVES This study aims to provide an understanding of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy by examining its frequency, causative agent, and potential strategies for detection and management. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PGMI Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from July to December 2022. The study included 117 antenatal patients with varying gestational periods attending the OPD. Patients with a history of antibiotic therapy, urinary frequency and dysuria, vaginal discharge, renal tract anomalies, and medical disorders were excluded. Demographic details were recorded, and urine samples were collected and cultured. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 25.5%, among 117 women, with E. coli (53.3%) the most common pathogen responsible for the infection, followed by Klebsiella (36.7%) and staphylococcus (10%). CONCLUSION Bacteriuria without causing any symptoms is quite common in pregnancy. Simple measures like screening early in pregnancy can timely detect positive cases and with targeted treatment, both maternal and neonatal morbidity can be curtailed

Evaluation of stress and its clinical correlation among the students of Allied Health Sciences

Background: Stress is a key indicator affecting the psychological and physical health of students throughout the world. The current study was planned to find out depression, stress, and anxiety and their impact on obesity and different clinical markers among the students of Allied Health Sciences.Methods: To assess stress, anxiety, and depression levels; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS- 21) was utilized. A total of 1446 individuals participated in the current research project. After assessing the BMI of students, a blood sample of two hundred and two (202) obese students were collected. Spectrophotometry, latex agglutination, and flow cytometry were employed to determine the different clinical markers.Results: Stress was found in 63.10% population, while depression was 59.70% and the prevalence of anxiety was 61.90%. After analysis of the blood samples of students, a significant increase was seen in cholesterol and HDL, while VLDL was moderately decreased. LDL, triglycerides, and CBC showed no significant change. Random blood glucose was normal, and CRP was also found negative in all the participants. There was no significant correlation between serum lipid profile and CBC parameters during stress, anxiety, and depression in students.Conclusion: A significant stress level was found among the students of Allied Health Sciences. It is a dire need of time to be focused on the mental health of students. Psychological counseling should be provided in the institutes for the mental well-being of the students.Keywords: Stress, Depression, Anxiety, Dass-21, Health sciences students     

Impact of Celebrity Credibility on Advertising Effectiveness

Advertisers often make use of endorsers or representatives as trustworthy sources of persuasion for consumers' attitudes. Promotion of products through celebrities is a trendy advertising practice around the world. The present study judged the impact of celebrity credibility on advertising effectiveness in terms of consumer’s attitude towards the advertisement, attitude towards the brand and their purchase intention. This study also explored the differences of respondent’s responses towards the advertisements of brand through famous celebrities as well as unknown celebrities. Different TV advertisements were used for the experiment. Several statistical tools were applied to test the hypotheses and identify significant differences & the proposed relationships among the variables. Overall findings suggests that the respondents considered the famous celebrities of the brand as the most credible celebrities, having positive impact on consumers attitude towards the advertisement, attitude to the brand and their favorable purchase intentions as compare to the unknown celebrity with less credibility

Screening of Five Common Beta Thalassemia Mutations in the Pakistani Population: A basis for prenatal diagnosis

Objectives: Thalassemia is one of the most common autosomal single-gene disorder worldwide. The highest prevalence of the disease is in the “thalassemia belt” which includes the Mediterranean region, parts of the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the southern parts of the Far East, Pakistan and South-East Asia. This study aimed to detect the common molecular abnormalities of the beta thalassemia syndrome in Pakistan. Methods:The study was conducted at the Institute of Hematology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan from August 2004 to November 2007. Blood samples of patients with beta thalassemia major (n = 400) were collected from hospital transfusion centres and diagnostic laboratories in different districts of Karachi representing five major ethnic groups including Punjabi, Pathan, Sindhi, Baluchi and Urdu speaking. All the samples were analysed for five common mutations by using the polymerase chain reaction technique ARMS (amplification of refractory mutation system). Results: The data revealed five common mutations including IVS 1-5(G-->C), Fr 41/42(-CTTT), Fr 8/9 (+G), IVS 1-1 and Del 619. These accounted for 90% of the total beta thalassemia genes in Pakistan. The IVS 1-5(GRC) was found to be the most common beta thalassemia gene in the Pakistani population with a frequency of 44.4% present in all major ethnic groups. Conclusion: The results of this study will be helpful in the establishment of a large scale prenatal diagnosis programme in Pakistan

Head Injury Management in Road Traffic Accident Patients: A Case Report

Objective: To examine recovery outcomes for patients with head injuries from road traffic accidents (RTAs), focusing on neurosurgical care.   Methodology: We studied patients admitted to our hospital with head injuries from RTAs. This included a case study of a 55-year-old man severely injured in a road accident, highlighting neuropsychological assessments and treatment outcomes.   Results: The case report presents the successful recovery of a 55-year-old patient who sustained severe head injuries from a road traffic accident. Following neurosurgical intervention to remove blood clots and comprehensive neuropsychological therapy, the patient showed significant improvement in memory and cognitive functions. The outcomes demonstrate a positive response to the integrated treatment approach, with the patient regaining substantial normalcy in life over the course of three months.   Conclusion: The case of a 55-year-old patient highlights the challenges and outcomes of treating severe head injuries resulting from RTAs. Key findings include the importance of immediate and appropriate neurosurgical care and neuropsychological support. &nbsp

0650 Sleep and Mental Health Symptoms at the Population Level: Differences by Race/Ethnicity

Abstract Introduction There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep duration and mental health. This relationship may be impacted by race/ethnicity, indicating differential risk profiles across groups. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether race/ethnicity play a role in the relationship between sleep and mental health at the population level. Methods Data were used from adults age 18+ from the combined 2015-2020 (pre-pandemic) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (N=16,399). Habitual sleep duration was self-reported in half-hour increments and categorized as half of days” or “nearly every day” and included depressed mood, anhedonia, feelings of guilt, appetite dysregulation, and suicide ideation. Race/ethnicity was self-reported as Non-Hispanic White (N=5499), Black/African-American (N=3975), Mexican-American (N=2337), Other Latinx (N=1846), Asian/Pacific-Islander (N=1984), or Multiracial/Other (N=758). Additional covariates included age and sex. NHANES sample weights were used for all analyses. Ordinal logistic regressions examined mental health outcomes associated with sleep duration stratified by race/ethnicity. Results Sleep duration by race/ethnicity interactions were seen for depression (p=0.006), guilt (p=0.009), appetite dysregulation (0.049), and suicide ideation (p< 0.0005), with a trend for anhedonia (p=0.185). Non-Hispanic Whites demonstrated U-shaped relationships with all mental health variables. Blacks/African-Americans demonstrated U-shaped relationships for depressed mood and anhedonia and relationships with short sleep for guilt, appetite, and suicide ideation. Mexican Americans demonstrated a U-shaped association with guilt and an association between long sleep and depressed mood, anhedonia, and suicide ideation. Other Latinx showed a U-shaped association with guilt and appetite, and long sleep relationships with depressed mood, anhedonia, and suicide ideation. Asians/Pacific-Islanders showed short sleep associations with depressed mood and appetite. Multiracial/Others showed a short sleep relationship with guilt and a long sleep relationship with suicide ideation. Conclusion Both short and long sleep duration were associated with worse mental health. However, this pattern of relationships depends on race/ethnicity, as different groups show different patterns of vulnerability. Future work should explore mechanisms of differential vulnerability and develop targeted interventions based on risk profile. Support (if any)

Abstract MP55: Declining Annual Trends In Us Daily Sleep Duration Are Greater Among Racial/ethnic Minorities: Implications For Cardiometabolic Disease Disparities

Introduction: Habitual insufficient sleep may contribute to cardiometabolic disease in the United States, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities. However, there is mixed evidence on secular trends in U.S. sleep duration. Therefore, this study investigated annual changes in sleep duration, including variations across demographics and how sleep duration was associated with prevalent cardiometabolic disease. Methods: Data on 413,417 individuals were acquired from the National Health Interview Survey from 2005-2018. Variables included self-reported sleep duration, lifetime diagnosis of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and pre-diabetes, and obesity. Population-weighted linear models estimated annual trends in sleep duration, while population-weighted quasi-Poisson models estimated the prevalence risk of cardiometabolic disease as a function of sleep duration. Results: Average daily sleep duration decreased -0.62 minutes annually from 2005-2018. A significant race/ethnicity interaction was found. Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, the rate of decline was 119% greater among Blacks/African-Americans, 206% greater among Mexican-Americans, 4% greater in other Hispanics/Latinos, and 43% greater in Asians. A 1-hour loss in daily sleep duration was linked to 4% greater prevalence of hypertension, 3% greater prevalence of diabetes, and 8% greater prevalence of obesity after adjusting for age, sex, employment, marital status, and survey year. A significant race/ethnicity interaction was observed, with differential elevated risk of cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence associated with declining sleep (see table). Conclusion: There is a secular decline in U.S. daily sleep duration that is disproportionately impacting Black/African-American and Mexican individuals. Moreover, reduced sleep duration is associated with more prevalent cardiometabolic disease and these relationships are disproportionately impacting racial/ethnic minority groups

Two Ports Suture Less Laparoscopic Appendectomy using the new Enseal Device and Ultra Grasper Safe and Feasible

This operation was performed by me (1) in pre-conference surgical workshop day 2 at Minimal Invasive Surgery Centre, Liaquat University of Medicine and Health Sciences (LUMHS) on 20th November 2019. A 22 years old female resident of Hyderabad presented the Out Patients Department with complain of right iliac fossa pain associated with vomiting for the past 4 days. Physical examination was significant for tenderness and rebound tenderness in RIF region, Rovsing’s sign was positive. She was diagnosed as a case of acute appendicitis. After obtaining an informed consent she underwent 2-ports laparoscopic appendectomy under general anaesthesia. In this case we did not use any sutures or clips. Mesoappendix was divided and appendicectomy performed with Enseal device. Haemostasis was secured and wound closed with Vicryl 2.0. Patient made uneventful recovery and was discharged on the first postoperative day. We would therefore like to conclude that the suture-less 2-ports appendectomy was considered safe, reliable, and more minimal invasive, with decreased hospitalization duration and decreased risk of postoperative complications