Enhanced Lactic Acid Production from Cheese Whey with Nutrient Supplement Addition

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is an Invited Paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 5 (2003): A.E. Ghaly, M.S.A. Tango, and M.A. Adams. Enhanced Lactic Acid Production from Cheese Whey with Nutrient Supplement Addition. Vol. V. May 2003

Biological control of damping-off and root rot of fenugreek

Eight Trichoderma and nine bacterial isolates which isolated from rhizospher and nodules of fenugreek plants. Also four  isolates of rhizobacteria (PGPR) namely Basillus subtilis (B.s), Basillus polymyxa (B.p), Basillus megaterium (B.m) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.f ) were tested in vitro for thir ability against Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina which caused damping-off and root rot of fenugreek plants.The results showed that  Trichoderma isolate number (T3) gave  the highest reduction on maycelial growth of three pathogenic  fungi followed by isolate number (T2) which adentified as Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma hamatum, respectively. Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by Basillus polymyxa , Rhizobium sp. isolate (Rh3), Basillus subtilis and Basillus megaterium gave highly antagonistic effect was clear against the tested fungi as will as used in greenhous experiment. A pot experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that Treated seed of fenugreek caltivar (Giza 2 cv.)  with Rhizobacteria and or  treated soil with T. harzianum and T. hamatum reduced pre and post damping-off  and root rot diseases of fenugreek and increased survival plant compared with the control. Trichoderma harzianum followed by Rhizobium sp. isolate (Rh3) gave the best reduction in these respects

Pulmonary resection can improve treatment outcome in re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis and its complications

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a widely spread disease, usually treated by multidrug therapy, nevertheless there are increasing number of cases in which medical treatment fails and requires surgical intervention specially those with large cavitary lesions or persistent sputum positive for Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain. Our objective was to assess the role of pulmonary resection in treating certain cases of pulmonary TB and its outcome and morbidity. Methods: In this study 45 tuberculous patients were selected for pulmonary resection (patients with large cavitary lesions and persistent sputum positive for ZN stain, massive hemoptysis, relapsed TB and treatment failure patients). Twenty-eight lobectomies (18 lobectomy for patients with relapsed TB with large cavities, persistent sputum positive and 10 lobectomy for patients with massive hemoptysis). Fourteen elective pneumonectomy for patients with symptomatic destroyed lung and 3 completion pneumonectomy were carried out. Results: Thirty-five patients (78%) were sputum positive preoperatively and 31 patients (69%) had cavitary lesions radiologically, MDR-TB was found retrospectively in 16 patients. Mortality was 4.4%, and postoperative complications were encountered in 44.4% of the participants. Forty-three patients (95.5%) became sputum negative 3–9 months after surgery. Male sex, HCV infection, operation time, and intraoperative bleeding were predictive of bad outcome in this study. Conclusions: Surgery is effective when medical therapy fails to control pulmonary TB and its complications. MDR-TB patients are among those who benefit from pulmonary resection. Postoperative medical therapy is important to improve results and in achieving negative sputum conversion in TB patients including MDR-TB patients

Pullout capacity of small ground anchors by direct cone penetration test methods and neural networks

© 2006 NRC Canada The original publication can be found at http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/Marquees are temporary light structures that are connected to the ground by small anchors that act in tension and are designed to resist uplift forces. Due to the temporary nature of these structures, little, if any, attention is given to the pullout capacity of the anchors used to secure them. Failures of such structures are not rare and have resulted in deaths and tens of thousands of dollars of damage. This paper reports on a series of 119 in situ anchor pullout tests conducted on rough mild steel anchors of various lengths, cross-sectional shapes, and areas. Comparison tests are carried out to investigate the impact of the factors affecting the pullout capacity of small anchors. Six methods that determine the axial pile capacity directly from cone penetration test (CPT) data are presented and used to calculate the pullout capacity of small ground anchors. The capacities obtained from these CPT-based methods are compared with predictions from a recently developed artificial neural network (ANN) model. The actual pullout loads are compared with predictions from the CPT and ANN methods, and statistical analyses are carried out to evaluate and rank their performance. The results indicate that the ANN-based method provides superior predictions of the pullout capacity of small ground anchors, whereas the Schmertmann method provides the best performance of the CPT-based techniques examined

Fuel Pyrolysis through Porous Media: Coke Formation and Coupled effect on Permeability

International audienceThe development of hypersonic vehicles (up to Mach 10) leads to an important heating of the whole structure. The fuel is thus used as a coolant. It presents an endothermic decomposition with possible coke formation. Its additional permeation through the porous structure involves internal convection. This implies very complex phenomena (heat and mass transfers with chemistry). In this paper, the n-dodecane pyrolysis is studied through stainless steel porous medium up to 820 K and 35 bar (supercritical state). The longitudinal profiles of chemical compositions inside the porous medium are given thanks to a specific sampling technique with off-line Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer analysis. By comparison with previous experiments under plug flow reactor, the conversion of dodecane is higher for the present experimental configuration. The pyrolysis produces preferentially light gaseous species, which results in a higher gasification rate for a similar pyrolysis rate. The effects of the residence time and of the contact surface area are demonstrated. The transient changes of Darcy's permeability are related to the coke formation thanks to previous experimental relationship with methane production. A time shift is observed between coke chemistry and permeability change. This work is quite unique to the author's knowledge because of the complex chemistry of heavy hydrocarbon fuels pyrolysis, particularly in porous medium