Attitudes of Environmental Health and Occupational Health Students Toward Their Discipline and Future Career in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2012.

Introduction: The raise of environmental and occupational health graduates followed by scarce employment has developed a concern about these disciplines and future career among students. This study was performed with the aim of determining environmental health and occupational health students' attitude toward their disciplines and future career in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Methods: All environmental and occupational health freshmen of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences studying for a segregated or integrated Bachelor’s Degree in 2012-2013 participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study through census (n=156). The data gathering tool was Minnesota University questionnaire including 17 questions, using a Likert scale. Data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean and standard deviation of environmental students' attitude toward their future career was 50.7±9.7 (out of 85). Also mean and standard deviation of occupational students' attitude was 53.3±6.9. Mean and standard deviation of environmental health students' attitude in men was 58±8.4, But these parameters in women were 49.7±9.7. On the other hand, mean and standard deviation of occupational health students' attitude toward their future career was 53.3±7.6 in men and 53.2± 6.7 in women. Conclusion: The mean score for attitude of environmental health under investigation toward their discipline and future career was lower than acceptable level which demonstrates lack of desirable attitude toward future career among students. The authorities should pay special attention to creating jobs for these students. Curriculum improvement should also be seriously considered in order to increase the students’ competence. Also, informing students about university disciplines before they take the entrance examination, and supporting the students financially may prove helpful in improving their attitudes

Hazards Identification and risk assessment of medical equipment at the Kowsar hospital in Qazvin in 2016

Abstract Background and aim: In today's society, in which complex systems are often used, failure of a system or incidents can lead to disruptions at various levels, which is even considered as a threat to society and the environment. The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the risks of medical equipment at the radiology department of Kowsar Medical Education Center in Qazvin. Maternal and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and descriptive-analytic study was conducted cross-sectional at Kowsar hospital in Qazvin. The authors initially reviewed authentic books and scientific articles and collected necessary information related to the research topic. Then, the responsible individuals and owners of data collection process were interviewed through direct observation method. The study setting consisted of all medical equipment at the Qazvin Kowsar hospital. Data gathering tools in this study were FMEA and PHA worksheets. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics indices using Excel software. Results: The results of this study conducted on fifty nine items of medical equipment at the Kowsar Hospital showed that the highest risk belonged to the X-ray tube of radiology and mammography devices with a RPN of 378. Centrifuge speedometer with a RPN of 16 revealed the lowest detected risk. Also, biological and electrical were the most and the least identified hazards, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the identified risks can be prevented by the personnel and risk management requires more attention in the use of medical devices to improve care quality and effectiveness. Keywords: Risks, Risk Assessment, Medical Equipment, FMEA, PHA

Hazards Identification and risk assessment of medical equipment at the Kowsar hospital in Qazvin in 2016

Abstract Background and aim: In today's society, in which complex systems are often used, failure of a system or incidents can lead to disruptions at various levels, which is even considered as a threat to society and the environment. The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the risks of medical equipment at the radiology department of Kowsar Medical Education Center in Qazvin. Maternal and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and descriptive-analytic study was conducted cross-sectional at Kowsar hospital in Qazvin. The authors initially reviewed authentic books and scientific articles and collected necessary information related to the research topic. Then, the responsible individuals and owners of data collection process were interviewed through direct observation method. The study setting consisted of all medical equipment at the Qazvin Kowsar hospital. Data gathering tools in this study were FMEA and PHA worksheets. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics indices using Excel software. Results: The results of this study conducted on fifty nine items of medical equipment at the Kowsar Hospital showed that the highest risk belonged to the X-ray tube of radiology and mammography devices with a RPN of 378. Centrifuge speedometer with a RPN of 16 revealed the lowest detected risk. Also, biological and electrical were the most and the least identified hazards, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the identified risks can be prevented by the personnel and risk management requires more attention in the use of medical devices to improve care quality and effectiveness. Keywords: Risks, Risk Assessment, Medical Equipment, FMEA, PHA

Fire Risk Analysis Using the FSES Method in a Educational Hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2022

Introduction: Fire in hospitals and medical centers can lead to unfortunate and dire accidents due to the immobility of most patients, the presence of expensive medical equipment, and the essential role of hospitals in providing health services to people. This study aims to increase fire safety in a healthcare training center in Qazvin. Material and Methods: The latest NFPA 101A was used for fire risk assessment in seven departments of an educational hospital in Qazvin City in 2021-2022. The study calculated the residential risk factor for residents of each area, examined fire safety parameters and determined their risk factor, calculated the obtained points of the area under evaluation, determined the minimum required points in different areas of fire safety, and estimated the fire risk level. Results:  ICU 1 and 2 departments, CCU 1 and 2, central warehouse, pharmacy warehouse, and hospital facilities were selected for fire risk assessment. The ICU building had the best condition with a total fire safety point of 21.1. The facility building, with a total fire safety point of -14.5, was in the worst condition. Conclusion: The results showed the need for more attention from researchers to conduct studies in outdoor environments, in various parts of the country, on development and validation of novel heat stress indices, and on implementation and evaluation of control measures in environments with high heat stress

Evaluating the Noise level at Qazvin University Hospital’s Intensive Care Units

Background: Noise at Intensive Care Units (ICU) has an adverse effect on patients and ICU staff. There are some evidences that sleep, recovery from critical illness and average background noise in hospitals as recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) should not exceed 30 A-weighted decibel (dBA) and peaks during night time should be less than 40 dBA. This survey was conducted to measure noise levels and their relationship with the time of the day and location in the ICU. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure noise levels and evaluate their relationship with time of day and location in the ICU. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in a public university hospital, namely Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Noise levels were measured with SLM Sound level meter (model: Tes-1443) during 24 hours with the equivalent sound level (LEQ), maximum (Max) and peak sound pressure based on the ISO 9612.this tool can measure in the range of 30 to 110 dB dynamic network. While frequency A, fast time scale networks with 125 ms fast response microphones were selected. This method says that measuring point must have distance 1.5 meter from the wall at a height of 1.25 m above ground level. At the bedside of patients measurement done by 3 TES model 1353 H Tool by a Taiwanese company. Results: This survey showed that the Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) in ICU was much higher than the standard level. The Maximum Sound Level (Lmax) in most places was 84 - 89 dBA and just in one measurement in the Internal ICU reached 90 dB. The average level of Leq in ICU was 70 dB. Conclusions: Equivalent noise level and Noise Criteria in ward remarkably exceeds the standards levels. This condition will be produce Dangerous circumstances for admitted patients in ward. Keywords: Hospital; Intensive Care Unit; Noise; Criteri

AcciMap-Based Development of a Dedicated Approach for Marine Accident Analysis

Introduction: Iran has the most extensive maritime transport fleet in the Middle East, with 2700 km of water border with other countries in the region. However, the complex and hazardous marine environment has turned this advantage into a disadvantage. On the other hand, technological advancement has added to the complexity. Thus, new accident analysis tools should be developed to bring unity to marine casualty analysis and improve the analyst’s power of discovery from incident information. The current project aims to develop a specialized AcciMap-based marine accident investigation method. Material and Methods: The primary stages of this applied descriptive study include data collection, method development, and validation. The necessary information about the factors leading to marine accidents was initially gathered through a review of previous studies, expert interviews, and analysis of actual cases. The AcciMap technique was then partially developed, and marine experts approved the designed model. Results: This study’s results included an AcciMap model established on three levels: external influences (national and international), intra-organizational factors, and environmental/individual conditions and individual activities. Whereas external factors (international and national) are categorized into three main layers, two sublayers, and 13 secondary sublayers, intra-organizational factors are categorized into two main layers, 11 sublayers, and 35 secondary sublayers, and environmental/individual conditions and individual activities are organized in one main layer, three sublayers, and 11 secondary sublayers. Conclusion: The developed approach can identify flawed levels and determine who is responsible for implementing corrective action. Because it includes emerging components that are effective in accidents, the method used in this study can better examine data from marine accidents

Computer Vision Syndrome in Eleven to Eighteen-Year-Old Students in Qazvin

Background: Prolonged use of computers can lead to complications such as eye strain, eye and head aches, double and blurred vision, tired eyes, irritation, burning and itching eyes, eye redness, light sensitivity, dry eyes, muscle strains, and other problems. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate visual problems and major symptoms, and their associations among computer users, aged between 11 and 18 years old, residing in the Qazvin city of Iran, during year 2010. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 642 secondary to pre university students who had referred to the eye clinic of Buali hospital of Qazvin during year 2013. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information and 26 questions on visual effects of the computer was used to gather information. Participants answered all questions and then underwent complete eye examinations and in some cases cycloplegic refraction. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a logMAR in six meters. Refraction errors were determined using an auto refractometer (Potece and Heine retinoscope). The collected data was then analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. Results: The results of this study indicated that 63.86% of the subjects had refractive errors. Refractive errors were significantly different in children of different genders (P < 0.05). The most common complaints associated with the continuous use of computers were eyestrain, eye pain, eye redness, headache, and blurred vision. The most prevalent (81.8%) eye-related problem in computer users was eyestrain and the least prevalent was dry eyes (7.84%). In order to reduce computer related problems 54.2% of the participants suggested taking enough rest, 37.9% recommended use of computers only for necessary tasks, while 24.4% and 19.1% suggested the use of monitor shields and proper working distance, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that using computers for prolonged periods of time can lead to eye-related problems such as eyestrain, headaches, weak and tired eyes, blurred and double vision, weak vision, burning itching and watery eyes, etc. To correct and reduce these problems the following precautions may be helpful, using computer shields (anti-reflex glasses), proper computer workplace illumination, enough rest after working with computers, appropriate viewing distances during computer work, placing computers far from bright objects and adjusting a line of vision with the top of the monitor. Keywords: Computer; Eye; Student