400 research outputs found
Is there Space for "Genuine Autonomy" for Tibetan Areas in the PRC's System of Nationalities Regional Autonomy?
This article considers whether room exists within the current system of nationalities regional autonomy (NRA) in China to accommodate Tibetan aspirations for "genuine autonomy" under the People's Republic of China (PRC) sovereignty. It examines the legal framework for NRA in China, as well as Chinese government policy and practice toward autonomous areas, in terms of the limitations and possibilities they imply for realizing Tibetan aspirations for autonomy, highlighting specific areas of concern, opportunities and constraints. It explores the development of political and legal approaches toward autonomy since the 1930s, the nature of the current framework and how recent legal and political developments interact with that framework. It looks at options for autonomy under the Chinese Constitution and national legislation, particularly the self-government of nationality (minority) autonomous areas as well as Article 31 of the Constitution which has provided the basis for the establishment of special administrative regions (SARs). Since autonomous areas also exercise the general powers of local governments in the PRC, it describes the general system of local government at the provincial and lower administrative levels. The article examines the practical implementation and operation of minority autonomy and SARs including the apparent gap between law and practice. In particular, special attention is paid to the role of the Chinese Communist Party and its officials which have a significant impact on the exercise of state powers. It concludes that there are formidable obstacles to the autonomy that Tibetans seek in order to preserve their culture, values and identity. © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010.postprin
Putting the Cat Among the Pigeons: The Politics of the Referendum
Commentpublished_or_final_versio
A Journey Around Constitutions: Reflections on Contemporary Constitutions
published_or_final_versio
Back to basics: the provisional legislative and the Basic Law
Commentpublished_or_final_versio
The Continuity of Laws and Legal Rights and Obligations in the SAR
Analysispublished_or_final_versio
Nonlinear dynamics and transport driven by energetic particle instabilities using a gyro-Landau closure model
Energetic particle (EP) destabilized Alfvén eigenmode (AE) instabilities are simulated for a DIII-D experimental case with a pulsed neutral beam using a gyro-Landau moments model which introduces EP phase-mixing effects through closure relations. This provides a computationally efficient reduced model which is applied here in the nonlinear regime over timescales that would be difficult to address with more complete models. The long timescale nonlinear evolution and related collective transport losses are examined including the effects of zonal flow/current generation, nonlinear energy cascades, and EP profile flattening. The model predicts frequencies and mode structures that are consistent with experimental observations. These calculations address issues that have not been considered in previous modelling: The EP critical gradient profile evolution in the presence of zonal flows/currents, and the dynamical nature of the saturated state. A strong level of intermittency is present in the predicted instability-driven transport; this is connected to the zonal flow growth and decay cycles and nonlinear energy transfers. Simulation of intermittent AE-enhanced EP transport will be an important issue for the protection of plasma facing components in the next generation of fusion devices.This material is based upon work supported by the US Department
of Energy, Office of Science using the DIII-D National
Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under
Awards DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FC02-04ER54698,
and the US DOE SciDAC ISEP Center. Support is also
acknowledged from project 2019-T1/AMB-13648 founded
by the Comunidad de Madrid and Comunidad de Madrid
(Spain)—multiannual agreement with UC3M Excelencia
para el Profesorado Universitario EPUC3M14 Fifth
regional research plan 2016-2020. This research used
resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing
Center (NERSC), a US Department of Energy Office
of Science User Facility located at Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-
05CH11231. We would like to thank Matt Beidler of Oak
Ridge National Laboratory for helpful suggestions on this
manuscript
Analysis of the ECH effect on the EPM/AEs stability in Heliotron J plasma using a Landau closure model
The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of the electron
cyclotron heating (ECH) on the linear stability of Alfven Eigenmodes (AE) and
energetic particle modes (EPM) triggered by energetic ions in Heliotron J
plasma. The analysis is performed using the FAR3d code that solves a reduced
MHD model to describe the thermal plasma coupled with a gyrofluid model for the
energetic particles (EP) species. The simulations reproduce the AE/EPM
stability trends observed in the experiments as the electron temperature (Te)
increases, modifying the thermal plasma beta, EP beta and EP slowing down time.
Particularly, the n/m=1/2 EPM and 2/4 Global AE (GAE) are stabilized in the low
bumpiness (LB) configuration due to an enhancement of the continuum, Finite
Larmor radius (FLR) and e-i Landau damping effects as the thermal beta
increases. On the other hand, a larger ECH injection power cannot stabilize the
AE/EPM in Medium (MB) and High bumpiness (HB) configurations because the
damping effects are weaker compared to the LB case, unable to balance the
further destabilization induced by an enhanced EP resonance as the EP slowing
down time and EP beta increases with T
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