Eating Attitudes Related to the Nutritional Status of University Girls in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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An Association of Dietary Diversity with the Nutritional Status of Cardiovascular Diseased Patients in the Private Tertiary Care Unit of District Peshawar

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of socio-demographic and dietary intake patterns on the nutritional status of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients and to determine the dietary diversity of the households. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018 at the Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. Based on written consent, a sample of 250 adult CVD patients was selected through a convenient sampling method. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire containing demographic, anthropometry, biochemical, clinical data, and a dietary record. RESULTS In a sample of 250 patients mean age was 55.41±12.558. On the basis of BMI, almost 52.8% were overweight and 0.8% of the patients were obese. Overweight was the major trend among the patients where this tendency was more common in males (57.5%) as compared to females (41%). Diabetes and hypertension were the major complications among these patients. Daily and per week food frequency and dietary diversity scores showed high intake of meat, milk, saturated fats, high glycemic index fruits, intake of processed foods along with goodconsumption of vegetables. The regression coefficient of DDI showed whole milk, cream, meat and processed meat as a strong predictor of obesity, overweight and CVD. CONCLUSION The overall dietary diversity of the patients showed a trend toward western dietary patterns with a focus on meat, whole milk, and processed foods. Among the financially stable families of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, this dietary trend may pose a serious health concern in the context of non -communicable diseases in this region and demand for nutrition education at all levels of the society

Epidemiologic Risk Factors Associated with Malnutrition in Children (3-5 Years of Age) at District Peshawar

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in terms of wasting and stunting in children between 3- and 5 years of age and to analyze the risk factors associated with malnutrition among them in the district of Peshawar. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the district of Peshawar. Multi-staging simple random probability sampling selected a sample of 225 children between 3 and 5 years. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire containing demographic, risk factors and anthropometry. RESULTS: In a sample of 225 children, the prevalence of malnutrition was quite alarming. Stunting and wasting were observed in the age group 3-5 years. Low weight- for height was observed at 20%, and leanness through mid-arm circumference among children between 3-5 years of age in Peshawar district was 28%, although the mean values for all the indicators fell at the 50th percentile. About 76.9% were exclusively breastfed, and 29.8% of children were partially vaccinated. The association of low MUAC with breastfeeding (chi-square value of 28.9 & P= <0.001), vaccination (chi-square value (χ2) 80.3 & P=<0.001), weaning (χ2= 31.1 & P= <0.001), mothers’ education (χ2= 5.28 & P= <0.028), family income χ2= 40.79 & P= <0.001), birth defects (χ2= 8.39 & P= <0.009), and frequent infections (χ2= 36.5 & P= <0.001) respectively showed that these confounding factors were the major factors behind these malnourished children. Almost the same association was found in the low w χ2= 31.1 & P= <0.001) and the tested socio-demographic and dietary factors. However, family size failed to show negative impacts in our study. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition tends to occur more in children who are not breastfed, started weaning later than 6 months, are not vaccinated, have birth defects and frequent infections, are born to uneducated mothers, and have low family incomes