The effect of endurance training combined with adenosine on the gene expression of UCP-1 and MAPK p38 in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats fed a high -fat diet

Background: Strategies to increase energy expenditure are an attractive approach to reduce excess fat storage and body weight to improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of endurance training combined with adenosine injection on the gene expression of UCP-1 and MAPK p38 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of male rats fed a high-fat diet. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1. normal control, 2. high-fat diet (HFD) control, 3. HFD + adenosine, and 4. HFD + endurance training + adenosine. After 13 weeks of HFD, 12 weeks of endurance training on a moderate-intensity treadmill was performed. UCP-1 and MAPK p38 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Results: A significant increase in UCP-1 was observed with in HFD + endurance training + adenosine and HFD + adenosine compared to normal and HFD controls. A significant decrease in MAPK p38 was also observed with HFD + endurance training + adenosine and HFD + adenosine compared to HFD. Conclusion: Endurance training and adenosine are likely activators of UCP-1 gene expression and can be used as effective lipolytic agents in obesity. The MAPK p38 pathway increases glucose uptake by insulin and also induces oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria following a healthy diet and aerobic activity