Isolation and identification of phase 1 metabolites of demethoxycurcumin in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 35:1564–1573.

ABSTRACT: Curcuminoids are a safe natural food coloring additive with antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic activities. Although demethoxycurcumin is one of the major bioactive constituents of curcuminoids, knowledge about its metabolic fate is scant. In the present study, four new metabolites, 5-dehydroxyhexahydro-demethoxycurcumin-A (M- Curcuminoids are natural yellow pigments and food-coloring agents present in the rhizomes of the Asian tropical plant Curcuma longa, which has been used as a traditional medicinal herb for thousands of years. The dried rhizome of C. longa has been widely used as an aromatic stomachic, carminative, anthelmintic, laxative, as well as for liver ailments and as condiments in foods 1 Materials and Methods Materials. Dry rhizomes of C. longa were collected from Gui Zhou province, China. A voucher specimen was identified by Qi-Shi Sun (CL200209) and deposited at the Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China. Demethoxycurcumin. Dry rhizomes of C. longa (2.5 kg) were pulverized and then extracted three times for 0.5 h/each time by ultrasound in an 8-fold volume (w/v) of 80% ethanol (EtOH). The EtOH solutions were combined and condensed to yield 362 g. Then the extract was chromatographed on a silica gel Article, publication date, and citation information can be found a

Prognosis and antiplatelet therapy of small single subcortical infarcts in penetrating artery territory: a post hoc analysis of the Third China National Stroke Registry

Background Small single subcortical infarction (SSSI) may be classified as parent artery disease-related or only branch involved according to the stenosis of parent artery. The study aimed to evaluate short-term and long-term prognoses and the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in SSSI.Methods We prospectively enrolled 2890 patients with SSSI from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III) database from August 2015 to March 2018. We assessed clinical outcomes and antiplatelet treatment effects in patients with SSSI with and without parent artery stenosis (PAS) identified by magnetic resonance angiography.Results Among 2890 patients with SSSI in the perforator territory of the middle cerebral artery and the basilar artery, there were 680 (23.53%) patients with PAS and 2210 (76.47%) patients without PAS, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the PAS group had a greater initial stroke severity (OR 1.262, 95% CI 1.058 to 1.505; p=0.0097) and a higher risk of ischaemic stroke recurrence at 3 months (OR 2.266, 95% CI 1.631 to 3.149; p<0.0001) and 1 year (OR 2.054, 95% CI 1.561 to 2.702; p<0.0001), as well as composite vascular events at 3 months (OR 2.306, 95% CI 1.674 to 3.178; p<0.0001) and 1 year (OR 1.983, 95% CI 1.530 to 2.570; p<0.0001), compared with the non-PAS group. In both groups, dual antiplatelet therapy was not superior to single antiplatelet therapy in preventing stroke recurrence, composite vascular events and disability.Conclusion PAS related to significantly higher rates of short-term and long-term stroke recurrence and composite vascular events, suggesting heterogeneous mechanisms in SSSI subgroups. The effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy for SSSI needs further investigation